Python之路_Day13

Python之路_Day13_课堂笔记
前期回顾
一、redis
发布订阅

二、rabbitMQ
原始队列
exchange
ex全部转发
ex，关键字
ex，模糊匹配
rpc

三、MySQL

四、Python MySQL
pymysql
excute    执行单条语句，返回受影响的行数
excutemany    执行多条语句，返回受影响的行数
fetchone
fetchall
fetchmany
scroll
lastrowid

五、SQLAlchemy
ORM框架
db first
code first
====> 我们以后通过类和对象操作数据库
code first
1、自定义生成表
2、使用类操作表

本节摘要
一、ORM
连表
一对多
多对多
二、Paramiko模块
链接：
堡垒机
三、前端
HTML

http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5699254.html
一、ORM—SQLAlchemy
连表
一对多
1、创建表，主动知道外键
2、操作：
类：repr
单表
连表
session.query(表1).join(表2).all()
  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -.- coding:utf-8 -.-
  3. # By Sandler
  6. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  7. from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
  8. from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
  9. from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
  10. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s13", max_overflow=5)
  12. Base = declarative_base()
  14. class Test(Base):
  15.     __tablename__ = 'test'
  16.     nid = Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
  17.     name = Column(String(32))
  19. class Group(Base):
  20.     __tablename__ = 'group'
  21.     nid = Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
  22.     caption = Column(String(32))
  25. class User(Base):
  26.     __tablename__ = 'user'
  27.     nid = Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
  28.     username = Column(String(32))
  29.     group_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey('group.nid'))
  31.     def __repr__(self):
  32.         temp = "%s - %s : %s" %(self.nid,self.username,self.group_id)
  33.         return temp
  36. def init_db():
  37.     Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
  39. def drop_db():
  40.     Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
  42. # init_db()
  43. Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
  44. session = Session()
  46. # session.add(Group(caption='dba'))
  47. # session.add(Group(caption='ddd'))
  48. # session.commit()
  50. # session.add_all([
  51. #     User(username='alex1',group_id=1),
  52. #     User(username='alex2',group_id=2)
  53. # ])
  54. # session.commit()
  56. # 只是获取用户
  57. # ret = session.query(User).filter(User.username == 'alex1').all()
  58. # print(ret)
  59. # ret = session.query(User).all()
  60. # obj = ret[0]
  61. # print(ret)
  62. # print(obj)
  63. # print(obj.nid)
  64. # print(obj.username)
  65. # print(obj.group_id)
  67. # ret = session.query(User.username).all()
  68. # print(ret)
  69. sql = session.query(User,Group).join(Group, isouter=True)
  70. print(sql)
  71. ret = session.query(User,Group).join(Group, isouter=True).all()
  72. print(ret)
  73. # select * from user left join group on user.group_id = group.nid
正反向查找
  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -.- coding:utf-8 -.-
  3. # By Sandler
  6. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  7. from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
  8. from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
  9. from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
  10. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s13", max_overflow=5)
  12. Base = declarative_base()
  14. class Test(Base):
  15.     __tablename__ = 'test'
  16.     nid = Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
  17.     name = Column(String(32))
  19. class Group(Base):
  20.     __tablename__ = 'group'
  21.     nid = Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
  22.     caption = Column(String(32))
  25. class User(Base):
  26.     __tablename__ = 'user'
  27.     nid = Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
  28.     username = Column(String(32))
  29.     group_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey('group.nid'))
  30.     group = relationship('Group',backref='uuu')
  32.     def __repr__(self):
  33.         temp = "%s - %s : %s" %(self.nid,self.username,self.group_id)
  34.         return temp
  37. def init_db():
  38.     Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
  40. def drop_db():
  41.     Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
  43. # init_db()
  44. Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
  45. session = Session()
  47. # session.add(Group(caption='dba'))
  48. # session.add(Group(caption='ddd'))
  49. # session.commit()
  51. # session.add_all([
  52. #     User(username='alex1',group_id=1),
  53. #     User(username='alex2',group_id=2)
  54. # ])
  55. # session.commit()
  57. # 只是获取用户
  58. # ret = session.query(User).filter(User.username == 'alex1').all()
  59. # print(ret)
  60. # ret = session.query(User).all()
  61. # obj = ret[0]
  62. # print(ret)
  63. # print(obj)
  64. # print(obj.nid)
  65. # print(obj.username)
  66. # print(obj.group_id)
  68. # ret = session.query(User.username).all()
  69. # print(ret)
  70. # sql = session.query(User,Group).join(Group, isouter=True)
  71. # print(sql)
  72. # ret = session.query(User,Group).join(Group, isouter=True).all()
  73. # print(ret)
  74. # select * from user left join group on user.group_id = group.nid
  76. # 原始方式
  77. # ret = session.query(User.username,Group.caption).join(Group, isouter=True).all()
  79. # 新方式（正向查询）
  80. # ret = session.query(User).all()
  81. # for obj in ret:
  82.     # obj代指user表的每一行数据
  83.     # obj.group代指group对象
  84.     # print(obj.nid,obj.username,obj.group_id,obj.group,obj.group.nid,obj.group.caption)
  87. # 原始方式
  88. # ret = session.query(User.username,Group.caption).join(Group,isouter=True).filter(Group.caption == 'DBA').all()
  91. # 新方式（反向查询）
  92. # obj = session.query(Group).filter(Group.caption == 'DBA').first()
  93. # print(obj.nid)
  94. # print(obj.caption)
  95. # print(obj.uuu)

多对多：
1、创建表——额外的关系表
2、filter()
==
in_(都可以是另外一个查询)
  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -.- coding:utf-8 -.-
  3. # By Sandler
  6. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  7. from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
  8. from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
  9. from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
  10. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s13", max_overflow=5)
  12. Base = declarative_base()
  14. ##############多对多######################
  16. class Host(Base):
  17.     __tablename__ = 'host'
  18.     nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
  19.     hostname = Column(String(32))
  20.     port = Column(String(32))
  21.     ip = Column(String(32))
  23. class HostUser(Base):
  24.     __tablename__ = 'host_user'
  25.     nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
  26.     username = Column(String(32))
  28. class HostToHostUser(Base):
  29.     __tablename__ = 'host_to_host_user'
  30.     nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
  32.     host_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey('host.nid'))
  33.     host_user_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey('host_user.nid'))
  35. def init_db():
  36.     Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
  38. def drop_db():
  39.     Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
  41. # init_db() # 创建表
  44. Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
  45. session = Session()
  47. # session.add_all([
  48. #     Host(hostname='c1',port='22',ip='1.1.1.1'),
  49. #     Host(hostname='c2',port='22',ip='1.1.1.2'),
  50. #     Host(hostname='c3',port='22',ip='1.1.1.3'),
  51. #     Host(hostname='c4',port='22',ip='1.1.1.4'),
  52. #     Host(hostname='c5',port='22',ip='1.1.1.5'),
  53. # ])
  54. # session.commit()
  57. # session.add_all([
  58. #     HostUser(username='root'),
  59. #     HostUser(username='db'),
  60. #     HostUser(username='nb'),
  61. #     HostUser(username='sb'),
  62. # ])
  63. # session.commit()
  65. # session.add_all([
  66. #     HostToHostUser(host_id=1,host_user_id=1),
  67. #     HostToHostUser(host_id=1,host_user_id=2),
  68. #     HostToHostUser(host_id=1,host_user_id=3),
  69. #     HostToHostUser(host_id=2,host_user_id=2),
  70. #     HostToHostUser(host_id=2,host_user_id=4),
  71. #     HostToHostUser(host_id=2,host_user_id=3),
  72. # ])
  73. # session.commit()
  75. # 获取主机1中所有用户
  77. host_obj = session.query(Host).filter(Host.hostname == 'c1').first()
  78. # host_obj.nid
  80. host_2_host_user = session.query(HostToHostUser.host_user_id).filter(HostToHostUser.host_id == host_obj.nid).all()
  82. print(host_2_host_user)
  83. r = zip(*host_2_host_user)
  84. # print(list(r)[0])
  86. users = session.query(HostUser.username).filter(HostUser.nid.in_(list(r)[0])).all()
  87. print(users)

3、relationship
  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -.- coding:utf-8 -.-
  3. # By Sandler
  6. from sqlalchemy import create_engine
  7. from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
  8. from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
  9. from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
  10. engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/s13", max_overflow=5)
  12. Base = declarative_base()
  15. ##############多对多######################
  17. class Host(Base):
  18.     __tablename__ = 'host'
  19.     nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
  20.     hostname = Column(String(32))
  21.     port = Column(String(32))
  22.     ip = Column(String(32))
  24. class HostUser(Base):
  25.     __tablename__ = 'host_user'
  26.     nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
  27.     username = Column(String(32))
  29. class HostToHostUser(Base):
  30.     __tablename__ = 'host_to_host_user'
  31.     nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
  33.     host_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey('host.nid'))
  34.     host_user_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey('host_user.nid'))
  36.     host = relationship('Host',backref = 'h')
  37.     host_user = relationship('HostUser',backref = 'u')
  39. def init_db():
  40.     Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
  42. def drop_db():
  43.     Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
  45. # init_db() # 创建表
  48. Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
  49. session = Session()
  51. # session.add_all([
  52. #     Host(hostname='c1',port='22',ip='1.1.1.1'),
  53. #     Host(hostname='c2',port='22',ip='1.1.1.2'),
  54. #     Host(hostname='c3',port='22',ip='1.1.1.3'),
  55. #     Host(hostname='c4',port='22',ip='1.1.1.4'),
  56. #     Host(hostname='c5',port='22',ip='1.1.1.5'),
  57. # ])
  58. #
  59. #
  60. # session.add_all([
  61. #     HostUser(username='root'),
  62. #     HostUser(username='db'),
  63. #     HostUser(username='nb'),
  64. #     HostUser(username='sb'),
  65. # ])
  66. #
  67. # session.add_all([
  68. #     HostToHostUser(host_id=1,host_user_id=1),
  69. #     HostToHostUser(host_id=1,host_user_id=2),
  70. #     HostToHostUser(host_id=1,host_user_id=3),
  71. #     HostToHostUser(host_id=2,host_user_id=2),
  72. #     HostToHostUser(host_id=2,host_user_id=4),
  73. #     HostToHostUser(host_id=2,host_user_id=3),
  74. # ])
  75. # session.commit()
  77. # 获取主机1中所有用户
  79. # host_obj = session.query(Host).filter(Host.hostname == 'c1').first()
  80. # host_obj.nid
  82. # host_2_host_user = session.query(HostToHostUser.host_user_id).filter(HostToHostUser.host_id == host_obj.nid).all()
  84. # print(host_2_host_user)
  85. # r = zip(*host_2_host_user)
  86. # print(list(r)[0])
  88. # users = session.query(HostUser.username).filter(HostUser.nid.in_(list(r)[0])).all()
  89. # print(users)
  91. host_obj = session.query(Host).filter(Host.hostname == 'c1').first()
  92. for item in host_obj.h:
  93.     print(item.host_user.username)

4、更简单的方式
A    关系(B，AB Table对象)
AB == > fk
B
操作时，简单

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SQLAlchemy总结：
1、创建表

2、操作表
单表操作

连表操作
.join
关系：
一对多
fk，关系
多对多
多一张表，fk
1、关系表：关系
2、在某一张表：关系；A：关系，（B，AB）


二、Paramiko模块
使用Paramiko模块连接远程服务器并执行命令：
  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -.- coding:utf-8 -.-
  3. # By Sandler
  5. # paramiko模块
  7. import paramiko
  10. # 普通连接远程主机并执行一条命令
  12. # 创建SSH对象
  13. ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
  14. # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
  15. ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
  16. # 连接服务器
  17. ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.111.2', port=22, username='root', password='111111')
  18. # 执行命令
  19. stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('ls -l')
  20. # 获取命令结果
  21. result = stdout.read()
  22. print(result)
  23. # 关闭连接
  24. ssh.close()

通过Paramiko模块一次连接服务器实现执行命令，上传文件等多次操作：
  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -.- coding:utf-8 -.-
  3. # By Sandler
  5. import paramiko
  6. import uuid
  8. # 实现一次链接执行命令、上传文件、执行命令
  10. class SSHConnection(object):
  12.     def __init__(self, host='192.168.111.2', port=22, username='root',pwd='111111'):
  13.         self.host = host
  14.         self.port = port
  15.         self.username = username
  16.         self.pwd = pwd
  17.         self.__k = None
  19.     def run(self):
  20.         self.connect()
  21.         pass
  22.         self.close()
  24.     def connect(self):
  25.         transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
  26.         transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
  27.         self.__transport = transport
  29.     def close(self):
  30.         self.__transport.close()
  32.     def cmd(self, command):
  33.         ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
  34.         ssh._transport = self.__transport
  35.         # 执行命令
  36.         stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
  37.         # 获取命令结果
  38.         result = stdout.read()
  39.         return result
  41.     def upload(self,local_path, target_path):
  42.         # 连接，上传
  43.         sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
  44.         # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
  45.         sftp.put(local_path, target_path)
  47. ssh = SSHConnection()
  48. ssh.connect()
  50. r1 = ssh.cmd('df')
  51. print(r1)
  53. ssh.upload('s1.py', "/root/s7.py")
  55. ssh.close()

堡垒机，通过回车确定输入内容，并返回结果
（一次输入一条命令返回结果，只可以在Linux上执行）：
  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -.- coding:utf-8 -.-
  3. # By Sandler
  5. # 堡垒机，通过回车确定输入内容，并返回结果
  7. import paramiko
  8. import sys
  9. import os
  10. import socket
  11. import select
  12. import getpass
  13. from paramiko.py3compat import u
  15. tran = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.111.2', 22,))
  16. tran.start_client()
  17. tran.auth_password('root', '111111')
  19. # 打开一个通道
  20. chan = tran.open_session()
  21. # 获取一个终端
  22. chan.get_pty()
  23. # 激活器
  24. chan.invoke_shell()
  26. while True:
  27.     # 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据
  28.     # sys.stdin 处理用户输入
  29.     # chan 是之前创建的通道，用于接收服务器返回信息
  30.     readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ], [], [], 1)
  31.     if chan in readable:
  32.         try:
  33.             x = u(chan.recv(1024))
  34.             if len(x) == 0:
  35.                 print('
*** EOF
')
  36.                 break
  37.             sys.stdout.write(x)
  38.             sys.stdout.flush()
  39.         except socket.timeout:
  40.             pass
  41.     if sys.stdin in readable:
  42.         inp = sys.stdin.readline()
  43.         chan.sendall(inp)
  45. chan.close()
  46. tran.close()

堡垒机，通过回车确定输入内容，并返回结果
（一次输入一个字符，可以通过tab补全，只可以在Linux上执行）：
  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -.- coding:utf-8 -.-
  3. # By Sandler
  5. import paramiko
  6. import sys
  7. import os
  8. import socket
  9. import select
  10. import getpass
  11. import termios
  12. import tty
  13. from paramiko.py3compat import u
  15. tran = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.111.2', 22,))
  16. tran.start_client()
  17. tran.auth_password('root', '111111')
  19. # 打开一个通道
  20. chan = tran.open_session()
  21. # 获取一个终端
  22. chan.get_pty()
  23. # 激活器
  24. chan.invoke_shell()
  26. # 获取原tty属性
  27. oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
  28. try:
  29.     # 为tty设置新属性
  30.     # 默认当前tty设备属性：
  31.     #   输入一行回车，执行
  32.     #   CTRL+C 进程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊处理。
  34.     # 这是为原始模式，不认识所有特殊符号
  35.     # 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端，如此设置，将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器
  36.     tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
  37.     chan.settimeout(0.0)
  39.     while True:
  40.         # 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据（socket）
  41.         # 阻塞，直到句柄可读
  42.         r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)
  43.         if chan in r:
  44.             try:
  45.                 x = u(chan.recv(1024))
  46.                 if len(x) == 0:
  47.                     print('
*** EOF
')
  48.                     break
  49.                 sys.stdout.write(x)
  50.                 sys.stdout.flush()
  51.             except socket.timeout:
  52.                 pass
  53.         if sys.stdin in r:
  54.             x = sys.stdin.read(1)
  55.             if len(x) == 0:
  56.                 break
  57.             chan.send(x)
  59. finally:
  60.     # 重新设置终端属性
  61.     termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
  63. chan.close()
  64. tran.close()

堡垒机，通过回车确定输入内容，并返回结果
（终极版本，可以在windows和linux上执行）：
  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -.- coding:utf-8 -.-
  3. # By Sandler
  5. import paramiko
  6. import sys
  7. import os
  8. import socket
  9. import getpass
  11. from paramiko.py3compat import u
  13. # windows does not have termios...
  14. try:
  15.     import termios
  16.     import tty
  17.     has_termios = True
  18. except ImportError:
  19.     has_termios = False
  22. def interactive_shell(chan):
  23.     if has_termios:
  24.         posix_shell(chan)
  25.     else:
  26.         windows_shell(chan)
  29. def posix_shell(chan):
  30.     import select
  32.     oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
  33.     try:
  34.         tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
  35.         tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())
  36.         chan.settimeout(0.0)
  37.         log = open('handle.log', 'a+', encoding='utf-8')
  38.         flag = False
  39.         temp_list = []
  40.         while True:
  41.             r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])
  42.             if chan in r:
  43.                 try:
  44.                     x = u(chan.recv(1024))
  45.                     if len(x) == 0:
  46.                         sys.stdout.write('
*** EOF
')
  47.                         break
  48.                     if flag:
  49.                         if x.startswith('
'):
  50.                             pass
  51.                         else:
  52.                             temp_list.append(x)
  53.                         flag = False
  54.                     sys.stdout.write(x)
  55.                     sys.stdout.flush()
  56.                 except socket.timeout:
  57.                     pass
  58.             if sys.stdin in r:
  59.                 x = sys.stdin.read(1)
  60.                 import json
  62.                 if len(x) == 0:
  63.                     break
  65.                 if x == '	':
  66.                     flag = True
  67.                 else:
  68.                     temp_list.append(x)
  69.                 if x == '
':
  70.                     log.write(''.join(temp_list))
  71.                     log.flush()
  72.                     temp_list.clear()
  73.                 chan.send(x)
  75.     finally:
  76.         termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
  79. def windows_shell(chan):
  80.     import threading
  82.     sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.

")
  84.     def writeall(sock):
  85.         while True:
  86.             data = sock.recv(256)
  87.             if not data:
  88.                 sys.stdout.write('
*** EOF ***

')
  89.                 sys.stdout.flush()
  90.                 break
  91.             sys.stdout.write(data)
  92.             sys.stdout.flush()
  94.     writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
  95.     writer.start()
  97.     try:
  98.         while True:
  99.             d = sys.stdin.read(1)
  100.             if not d:
  101.                 break
  102.             chan.send(d)
  103.     except EOFError:
  104.         # user hit ^Z or F6
  105.         pass
  108. def run():
  109.     default_username = getpass.getuser()
  110.     username = input('Username [%s]: ' % default_username)
  111.     if len(username) == 0:
  112.         username = default_username
  115.     hostname = input('Hostname: ')
  116.     if len(hostname) == 0:
  117.         print('*** Hostname required.')
  118.         sys.exit(1)
  120.     tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,))
  121.     tran.start_client()
  123.     default_auth = "p"
  124.     auth = input('Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth)
  125.     if len(auth) == 0:
  126.         auth = default_auth
  128.     if auth == 'r':
  129.         default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
  130.         path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path)
  131.         if len(path) == 0:
  132.             path = default_path
  133.         try:
  134.             key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path)
  135.         except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:
  136.             password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ')
  137.             key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)
  138.         tran.auth_publickey(username, key)
  139.     else:
  140.         pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname))
  141.         tran.auth_password(username, pw)
  143.     # 打开一个通道
  144.     chan = tran.open_session()
  145.     # 获取一个终端
  146.     chan.get_pty()
  147.     # 激活器
  148.     chan.invoke_shell()
  150.     interactive_shell(chan)
  152.     chan.close()
  153.     tran.close()
  156. if __name__ == '__main__':
  157.     run()



链接：
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H5VJBC(7MI8BY(]BG(1X7D8.png














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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/sandler613/p/5744659.html