题意分析

这里是原题：

Tree

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 262144/262144 K (Java/Others)

Problem Description
Consider a un-rooted tree T which is not the biological significance of tree or plant, but a tree as an undirected graph in graph theory with n nodes, labelled from 1 to n. If you cannot understand the concept of a tree here, please omit this problem.
Now we decide to colour its nodes with k distinct colours, labelled from 1 to k. Then for each colour i = 1, 2, · · · , k, define Ei as the minimum subset of edges connecting all nodes coloured by i. If there is no node of the tree coloured by a specified colour i, Ei will be empty.
Try to decide a colour scheme to maximize the size of E1 ∩ E2 · · · ∩ Ek, and output its size.

Input
The first line of input contains an integer T (1 ≤ T ≤ 1000), indicating the total number of test cases.
For each case, the first line contains two positive integers n which is the size of the tree and k (k ≤ 500) which is the number of colours. Each of the following n - 1 lines contains two integers x and y describing an edge between them. We are sure that the given graph is a tree.
The summation of n in input is smaller than or equal to 200000.

Output
For each test case, output the maximum size of E1 ∩ E1 … ∩ Ek.

Sample Input
3
4 2
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 2
1 2
1 3
1 4
6 3
1 2
2 3
3 4
3 5
6 2

Sample Output
1
0
1

题意很简单，我们考虑一下做法。
要想交集尽可能大，颜色各自的分布应该尽可能“往顶层和底层分布”——这是贪心思想。然后具体怎么实现？很简单，对每一个点i，设它的子树的节点（包括它自身）有p个，那么只需要检查p≥k和n−p≥k即可。不需要查边，只需要查点，因为只要存在这样的点，那么一定存在这样的一条公共边。
实现查子树可以用dfs遍历一遍即可实现。

代码

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
#define NQUICKIO
#define NFILE

struct Edge
{
    int u,v;
    Edge(int _u,int _v):u(_u),v(_v) {}
};
const int maxnode=200005;
vector<Edge> edges;
vector<int> G[maxnode];
int s[maxnode];
void addEdge(int u,int v)
{
    edges.push_back(Edge(u,v));
    G[u].push_back((int)edges.size()-1);
    return;
}

int dfs(int f,int p)
{
    //cout<<"now point:"<<p<<endl;
    int nowsum=1;
    for(int i=0;i!=(int)G[p].size();++i)
        if(edges[G[p][i]].v!=f)
            nowsum+=dfs(p,edges[G[p][i]].v);
    return s[p]=nowsum;
}

int main()
{
#ifdef QUICKIO
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);
#endif
#ifdef FILE
    freopen("datain.txt","r",stdin);
    freopen("dataout.txt","w",stdout);
#endif
    int T; cin>>T;
    while(T--)
    {
        edges.clear();
        int n,k; cin>>n>>k;
        for(int i=1;i<=n;++i) G[i].clear();
        memset(s,0,sizeof(s));
        for(int i=1;i!=n;++i)
        {
            int tu,tv; cin>>tu>>tv;
            addEdge(tu,tv);
            addEdge(tv,tu);
        }
        dfs(-1,edges[0].u);
        int ans=0;
        /*for(int i=1;i<=n;++i)
            cout<<s[i]<<" ";
            cout<<endl;*/
        for(int i=1;i<=n;++i)
        {
            if(s[i]>=k && n-s[i]>=k) ans++;
        }
        cout<<ans<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

如非注明，原创内容遵循GFDLv1.3发布；其中的代码遵循GPLv3发布。