java.util.concurrent.Semaphore 使用

1. 概述

   Semaphore(信号)  并不存在真正的许可 只是维护一个计数器, 通常用来限定进入一些资源的线程数

　accquire()  方法获取许可 成功则计数器值-1 没有则阻塞直到一个可用的许可(即计数器>0)

   release() 方法 潜在的释放了申请人(通过给计数器值+1)

2. 示例一(单独测试信号量增减  availabelPermits对超出数量的线程的阻塞)

package com.rocky.semaphore;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class SemaphoreTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(5, false);//no fair 并行最大为5,阻塞后来的
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for(int i=0; i<10; i++){
            service.execute(new Worker(semaphore));
        }
        service.shutdown();
    }

}

class Worker implements Runnable{

    private Semaphore semaphore;
    Worker(Semaphore semaphore){
        this.semaphore = semaphore;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            semaphore.acquire();//获取许可
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" accessing...");
                Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random()*3000));
            } finally{
                semaphore.release();//释放许可
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" leaving...");
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }}

说明：   默认是非公平的 进来一个线程获取许可, 则state减1，直到值为0 以下是源码片段

        final int nonfairTryAcquireShared(int acquires) {//acquires值为1
            for (;;) {
                int available = getState();//当前state值
                int remaining = available - acquires;
                if (remaining < 0 ||
                    compareAndSetState(available, remaining))//remaining>0 则CAS修改state 成功获取许可
                    return remaining;
            }
        }

　　//remainimg<0 返回后,执行下面方法
    private void doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
        throws InterruptedException {
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);//创建共享型节点加入等待队列 队列为空则仿制头结点并建立联系
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head) {
                    int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);//再次尝试获取许可
                    if (r >= 0) {//成功获取许可
                        setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
                        p.next = null; // help GC
                        return;
                    }
                }
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                    parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    break;
            }
        } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
            cancelAcquire(node);
            throw ex;
        }
        // Arrive here only if interrupted
        cancelAcquire(node);
        throw new InterruptedException();
    }

3. 示例二(一个生产者与一个消费者 两组信号量 此消彼长 为0阻塞)

package com.rocky.semaphore;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class ProducerCustomRealizeWithSemaphore {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SemaphoreBuffer semaphoreBuffer = new SemaphoreBuffer();
        Producer producer = new Producer(semaphoreBuffer);
        Customer customer = new Customer(semaphoreBuffer);
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        service.execute(customer);
        service.execute(producer);
        service.shutdown();
    }
    
}

class SemaphoreBuffer{
    List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
    Semaphore producerSemaphore = new Semaphore(1);// 允许并行的线程数为1
    Semaphore customerSemaphore = new Semaphore(0);// 0即state的初始值 则一开始消费就阻塞了 见上例说明中remaining<0
    
    public void put(int num){
        try {
            producerSemaphore.acquire();
            try {
                list.add(num);
            } finally{
                customerSemaphore.release();
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public int get(){
        try {
            customerSemaphore.acquire();
            try{
                return list.remove(0);
            }finally{
                producerSemaphore.release();
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return 0;
    }
    
}

class Customer implements Runnable{
    private SemaphoreBuffer buffer;
    Customer(SemaphoreBuffer buffer){
        this.buffer = buffer;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(!Thread.interrupted()){
            int num = buffer.get();
            System.out.println("Customer get the num "+num);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        
    }
}

class Producer implements Runnable{
    private SemaphoreBuffer buffer;
    Producer(SemaphoreBuffer buffer){
        this.buffer = buffer;
    }
    int c =0;
    @Override
    public void run() {

        while(!Thread.interrupted()){
            buffer.put(c);
            System.out.println("Producer put the num "+c);
            c++;
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
}

 4. 示例三(多个生产者与多个消费者 运用阻塞队列  线程安全 )

package com.rocky.semaphore;

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class ProducerCustomRealizeWithSemaphoreLinkedBlockingQueue {

    static AtomicInteger c = new AtomicInteger(1);
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        CakeStand stand = new CakeStand();
        service.execute(new CakeProducer(stand, "producer1", c));
        service.execute(new CakeProducer(stand, "producer2", c));
        service.execute(new CakeProducer(stand, "producer3", c));
        service.execute(new CakeCustomer(stand, "customer1"));
        service.execute(new CakeCustomer(stand, "customer2"));
    }
}

class Cake{
    private String name;
    Cake(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String toString(){
        return name;
    }
}

class CakeStand{
    BlockingQueue<Cake> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Cake>(15);
    Semaphore notFull = new Semaphore(10);//生产信号量
    Semaphore notEmpty = new Semaphore(0);//消费信号量
    public void put(Cake cake){
        try {
            notFull.acquire();
            try{
                queue.put(cake);
            }finally{
                notEmpty.release();
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    
    }
    
    public Cake take(){
        try {
            notEmpty.acquire();
            try{
                Cake cake =  queue.take();
                return cake;
            }finally{
                notFull.release();
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            
        }
        return null;
    }
}

class CakeProducer implements Runnable{

    private CakeStand stand;
    private String name;
    private AtomicInteger c;
    public CakeProducer(CakeStand stand, String name, AtomicInteger c) {
        this.stand = stand;
        this.name = name;
        this.c = c;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(!Thread.interrupted()){
            String str = "cake-"+c.getAndIncrement();
            System.out.println("生产:"+name+"-"+str);
            stand.put(new Cake(str));
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1500);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        
    }
}
class CakeCustomer implements Runnable{

    private CakeStand stand;
    private String name;
    public CakeCustomer(CakeStand stand, String name){
        this.stand = stand;
        this.name = name;
        
    }
    
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(!Thread.interrupted()){
            Cake cake = stand.take();
            System.err.println("消费:"+name+"-"+cake.toString());
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

说明1)： 传统的消费者 生产者使用wait/notify模式等待和相互唤醒， Semaphore通过信号量的值控制运行(>0)和阻塞(<=0),

两组信号量可以使两组角色彼此唤醒，使用阻塞队列可以确保线程安全。

2) 可以额外创建一个信号量Semaphore mutex = new Semaphore(1); 在获取本组信号量之后再获取metex信号量可以实现互斥锁效果