1 规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音
1.1 以清辅音结尾，加-ed
在清辅音后读作[ t ]。如：
ask → asked look → looked
help → helped watch → watched
stop → stopped work → worked
pass → passed dance → danced
brush → brushed wash → washed
laugh → laughed
备注：除了清辅音t
1.2 以元音或浊辅音结尾，加-ed
在浊辅音和元音后读作[ d ]。如：
play → played enjoy → enjoyed
stay → stayed answer → answered
cry → cried study → studied
move → moved lives → lived
close → closed use → used
call → called rain → rained
备注：除了浊辅音d
1.3 以t或d结尾，加-ed
在 t 或 d 后读作[ id ]。如：
want → wanted wait → waited
need → needed shout → shouted
add → added paint → painted
2 动词加-ed的构成形式
2.1 规则动词
规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成，具体变化有：
（1）直接在词尾加-ed。如:
want → wanted work → worked
need → needed clean → cleaned
（2）以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：
like → liked live → lived
use → used move → moved
（3）以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：
stop → stopped trip → tripped
（4）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：
study → studied carry → carried
hurry → hurried cry → cried
2.2 不规则动词
不规则动词的过去式见课本后的不规则动词表。大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：
（1）以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：
put → put let → let
cut → cut beat → beat
（2）以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:
build → built lend → lent
send → sent spend → spent
（3）以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：
mean → meant burn → burnt
learn → learnt gain → gained
（4）以ow或aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：
blow → blew draw → drew
know → knew grow → grew
（5）含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：
keep → kept sleep → slept
feel → felt smell → smelt
（6）含有元音字母o或i的词，将o / i变成a。如：
sing → sang give → gave
sit → sat drink → drank