本文分析LIRe的基本接口。LIRe的基本接口完成的工作不外乎两项：生成索引和检索。生成索引就是根据图片提取特征向量，然后存储特征向量到索引的过程。检索就是根据输入图片的特征向量到索引中查找相似图片的过程。
LIRe的基本接口位于net.semanticmetadata.lire的包中，如下图所示：
将这些接口分为2类：
DocumentBuilder：用于生成索引
ImageSearcher：用于检索
下面来看看与DocumentBuilder相关的类的定义：
（LIRe在代码注释方面做得很好，每个函数的作用都写得很清楚）
DocumentBuilder：接口，定义了基本的方法。
AbstractDocumentBuilder：纯虚类，实现了DocumentBuilder接口。
DocumentBuilderFactory：用于创建DocumentBuilder。
DocumentBuilder相关的类的继承关系如下图所示。可见，各种算法类都继承了AbstractDocumentBuilder，而AbstractDocumentBuilder实现了DocumentBuilder。
详细的源代码如下所示：
DocumentBuilder
/*
* This file is part of the LIRe project: http://www.semanticmetadata.net/lire
* LIRe is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* LIRe is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with LIRe; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*
* We kindly ask you to refer the following paper in any publication mentioning Lire:
*
* Lux Mathias, Savvas A. Chatzichristofis. Lire: Lucene Image Retrieval 鈥�
* An Extensible Java CBIR Library. In proceedings of the 16th ACM International
* Conference on Multimedia, pp. 1085-1088, Vancouver, Canada, 2008
*
* http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1459359.1459577
*
* Copyright statement:
* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* (c) 2002-2011 by Mathias Lux (mathias@juggle.at)
* http://www.semanticmetadata.net/lire
*/
package net.semanticmetadata.lire;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
/**
* <h2>Creating an Index</h2>
* <p/>
* Use DocumentBuilderFactory to create a DocumentBuilder, which
* will create Lucene Documents from images. Add this documents to
* an index like this:
* <p/>
* <pre>
* System.out.println(">> Indexing " + images.size() + " files.");
* DocumentBuilder builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.getExtensiveDocumentBuilder();
* IndexWriter iw = new IndexWriter(indexPath, new SimpleAnalyzer(LuceneUtils.LUCENE_VERSION), true);
* int count = 0;
* long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
* for (String identifier : images) {
* Document doc = builder.createDocument(new FileInputStream(identifier), identifier);
* iw.addDocument(doc);
* count ++;
* if (count % 25 == 0) System.out.println(count + " files indexed.");
* }
* long timeTaken = (System.currentTimeMillis() - time);
* float sec = ((float) timeTaken) / 1000f;
*
* System.out.println(sec + " seconds taken, " + (timeTaken / count) + " ms per image.");
* iw.optimize();
* iw.close();
* </pre>
* <p/>
* <p/>
* This file is part of the Caliph and Emir project: http://www.SemanticMetadata.net
* <br>Date: 31.01.2006
* <br>Time: 23:02:00
*
* @author Mathias Lux, mathias@juggle.at
*/
public interface DocumentBuilder {
public static final int MAX_IMAGE_SIDE_LENGTH = 800;
public static final String FIELD_NAME_SCALABLECOLOR = "descriptorScalableColor";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_COLORLAYOUT = "descriptorColorLayout";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_EDGEHISTOGRAM = "descriptorEdgeHistogram";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_AUTOCOLORCORRELOGRAM = "featureAutoColorCorrelogram";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_COLORHISTOGRAM = "featureColorHistogram";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_CEDD = "featureCEDD";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_FCTH = "featureFCTH";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_JCD = "featureJCD";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_TAMURA = "featureTAMURA";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_GABOR = "featureGabor";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_SIFT = "featureSift";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_SIFT_LOCAL_FEATURE_HISTOGRAM = "featureSiftHistogram";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_SIFT_LOCAL_FEATURE_HISTOGRAM_VISUAL_WORDS = "featureSiftHistogramVWords";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_IDENTIFIER = "descriptorImageIdentifier";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_CEDD_FAST = "featureCEDDfast";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_COLORLAYOUT_FAST = "featureColorLayoutfast";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_SURF = "featureSurf";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_SURF_LOCAL_FEATURE_HISTOGRAM = "featureSURFHistogram";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_SURF_LOCAL_FEATURE_HISTOGRAM_VISUAL_WORDS = "featureSurfHistogramVWords";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_MSER_LOCAL_FEATURE_HISTOGRAM = "featureMSERHistogram";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_MSER_LOCAL_FEATURE_HISTOGRAM_VISUAL_WORDS = "featureMSERHistogramVWords";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_MSER = "featureMSER";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_BASIC_FEATURES = "featureBasic";
public static final String FIELD_NAME_JPEGCOEFFS = "featureJpegCoeffs";
/**
* Creates a new Lucene document from a BufferedImage. The identifier can be used like an id
* (e.g. the file name or the url of the image)
*
* @param image the image to index. Cannot be NULL.
* @param identifier an id for the image, for instance the filename or an URL. Can be NULL.
* @return a Lucene Document containing the indexed image.
*/
public Document createDocument(BufferedImage image, String identifier);
/**
* Creates a new Lucene document from an InputStream. The identifier can be used like an id
* (e.g. the file name or the url of the image)
*
* @param image the image to index. Cannot be NULL.
* @param identifier an id for the image, for instance the filename or an URL. Can be NULL.
* @return a Lucene Document containing the indexed image.
* @throws IOException in case the image cannot be retrieved from the InputStream
*/
public Document createDocument(InputStream image, String identifier) throws IOException;
}
从接口的源代码可以看出，提供了两个方法，名字都叫createDocument()，只是参数不一样，一个是从BufferedImage，另一个是从InputStream。
此外，定义了很多的字符串。
AbstractDocumentBuilder
/*
* This file is part of the LIRe project: http://www.semanticmetadata.net/lire
* LIRe is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* LIRe is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with LIRe; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*
* We kindly ask you to refer the following paper in any publication mentioning Lire:
*
* Lux Mathias, Savvas A. Chatzichristofis. Lire: Lucene Image Retrieval 鈥�
* An Extensible Java CBIR Library. In proceedings of the 16th ACM International
* Conference on Multimedia, pp. 1085-1088, Vancouver, Canada, 2008
*
* http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1459359.1459577
*
* Copyright statement:
* --------------------
* (c) 2002-2011 by Mathias Lux (mathias@juggle.at)
* http://www.semanticmetadata.net/lire
*/
package net.semanticmetadata.lire;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
/**
* Abstract DocumentBuilder, which uses javax.imageio.ImageIO to create a BufferedImage
* from an InputStream.
* <p/>
* This file is part of the Caliph and Emir project: http://www.SemanticMetadata.net
* <br>Date: 31.01.2006
* <br>Time: 23:07:39
*
* @author Mathias Lux, mathias@juggle.at
*/
public abstract class AbstractDocumentBuilder implements DocumentBuilder {
/**
* Creates a new Lucene document from an InputStream. The identifier can be used like an id
* (e.g. the file name or the url of the image). This is a simple implementation using
* javax.imageio.ImageIO
*
* @param image the image to index. Please note that
* @param identifier an id for the image, for instance the filename or an URL.
* @return a Lucene Document containing the indexed image.
* @see javax.imageio.ImageIO
*/
public Document createDocument(InputStream image, String identifier) throws IOException {
assert (image != null);
BufferedImage bufferedImage = ImageIO.read(image);
return createDocument(bufferedImage, identifier);
}
}
从抽象类的定义可以看出，只有一个createDocument(InputStream image, String identifier)，里面调用了createDocument(BufferedImage image, String identifier)。
其实说白了，就是把接口的那两个函数合成了一个函数。
DocumentBuilderFactory
/*
* This file is part of the LIRe project: http://www.semanticmetadata.net/lire
* LIRe is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* LIRe is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with LIRe; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*
* We kindly ask you to refer the following paper in any publication mentioning Lire:
*
* Lux Mathias, Savvas A. Chatzichristofis. Lire: Lucene Image Retrieval 鈥�
* An Extensible Java CBIR Library. In proceedings of the 16th ACM International
* Conference on Multimedia, pp. 1085-1088, Vancouver, Canada, 2008
*
* http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1459359.1459577
*
* Copyright statement:
* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* (c) 2002-2011 by Mathias Lux (mathias@juggle.at)
* http://www.semanticmetadata.net/lire
*/
package net.semanticmetadata.lire;
import net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.*;
import net.semanticmetadata.lire.impl.ChainedDocumentBuilder;
import net.semanticmetadata.lire.impl.CorrelogramDocumentBuilder;
import net.semanticmetadata.lire.impl.GenericDocumentBuilder;
import net.semanticmetadata.lire.impl.GenericFastDocumentBuilder;
/**
* Use DocumentBuilderFactory to create a DocumentBuilder, which
* will create Lucene Documents from images. <br/>
* This file is part of the Caliph and Emir project: http://www.SemanticMetadata.net
* <br>Date: 31.01.2006
* <br>Time: 23:00:32
*
* @author Mathias Lux, mathias@juggle.at
*/
public class DocumentBuilderFactory {
/**
* Creates a simple version of a DocumentBuilder. In this case the
* {@link net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.CEDD} is used as a feature
*
* @return a simple and efficient DocumentBuilder.
* @see net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.CEDD
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getDefaultDocumentBuilder() {
return new GenericFastDocumentBuilder(CEDD.class, DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_CEDD);
}
/**
* Creates a simple version of a DocumentBuilder using the MPEG/-7 visual features features
* all available descriptors are used.
*
* @return a fully featured DocumentBuilder.
* @see net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.ColorLayout
* @see net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.EdgeHistogram
* @see net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.ScalableColor
* @deprecated Use ChainedDocumentBuilder instead
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getExtensiveDocumentBuilder() {
ChainedDocumentBuilder cb = new ChainedDocumentBuilder();
cb.addBuilder(DocumentBuilderFactory.getColorLayoutBuilder());
cb.addBuilder(DocumentBuilderFactory.getEdgeHistogramBuilder());
cb.addBuilder(DocumentBuilderFactory.getScalableColorBuilder());
return cb;
}
/**
* Creates a fast (byte[] based) version of the MPEG-7 ColorLayout document builder.
*
* @return the document builder.
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getColorLayoutBuilder() {
return new GenericFastDocumentBuilder(ColorLayout.class, DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_COLORLAYOUT);
}
/**
* Creates a fast (byte[] based) version of the MPEG-7 EdgeHistogram document builder.
*
* @return the document builder.
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getEdgeHistogramBuilder() {
return new GenericFastDocumentBuilder(EdgeHistogram.class, DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_EDGEHISTOGRAM);
}
/**
* Creates a fast (byte[] based) version of the MPEG-7 ColorLayout document builder.
*
* @return the document builder.
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getScalableColorBuilder() {
return new GenericFastDocumentBuilder(ScalableColor.class, DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_SCALABLECOLOR);
}
/**
* Creates a simple version of a DocumentBuilder using ScalableColor.
*
* @return a fully featured DocumentBuilder.
* @see net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.ScalableColor
* @deprecated Use ColorHistogram and the respective factory methods to get it instead
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getColorOnlyDocumentBuilder() {
return DocumentBuilderFactory.getScalableColorBuilder();
}
/**
* Creates a simple version of a DocumentBuilder using the ColorLayout feature. Don't use this method any more but
* use the respective feature bound method instead.
*
* @return a simple and fast DocumentBuilder.
* @see net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.ColorLayout
* @deprecated use MPEG-7 feature ColorLayout or CEDD, which are both really fast.
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getFastDocumentBuilder() {
return DocumentBuilderFactory.getColorLayoutBuilder();
}
/**
* Creates a DocumentBuilder for the AutoColorCorrelation feature. Note that the extraction of this feature
* is especially slow! So use it only on small images! Images that do not fit in a 200x200 pixel box are
* resized by the document builder to ensure shorter processing time. See
* {@link net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.AutoColorCorrelogram} for more information on the image feature.
* Be sure to use the same options for the ImageSearcher as you used for the DocumentBuilder.
*
* @return the created AutoCorrelation feature DocumentBuilder.
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getAutoColorCorrelogramDocumentBuilder() {
return new GenericDocumentBuilder(AutoColorCorrelogram.class, DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_AUTOCOLORCORRELOGRAM, GenericDocumentBuilder.Mode.Fast);
}
/**
* Creates a DocumentBuilder for the AutoColorCorrelation feature. Note that the extraction of this feature
* is especially slow, but this is a more fast, but less accurate settings version!
* Images that do not fit in a defined bounding box they are
* resized by the document builder to ensure shorter processing time. See
* {@link net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.AutoColorCorrelogram} for more information on the image feature.
* Be sure to use the same options for the ImageSearcher as you used for the DocumentBuilder.
*
* @return the created AutoCorrelation feature DocumentBuilder.
* @deprecated Use #getAutoColorCorrelogramDocumentBuilder instead.
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getFastAutoColorCorrelationDocumentBuilder() {
return new CorrelogramDocumentBuilder(AutoColorCorrelogram.Mode.SuperFast);
}
/**
* Creates a DocumentBuilder for the CEDD feature. See
* {@link net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.CEDD} for more information on the image feature.
* Be sure to use the same options for the ImageSearcher as you used for the DocumentBuilder.
*
* @return the created CEDD feature DocumentBuilder.
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getCEDDDocumentBuilder() {
// return new CEDDDocumentBuilder();
return new GenericFastDocumentBuilder(CEDD.class, DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_CEDD);
}
/**
* Creates a DocumentBuilder for the FCTH feature. See
* {@link net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.FCTH} for more information on the image feature.
* Be sure to use the same options for the ImageSearcher as you used for the DocumentBuilder.
*
* @return the created FCTH feature DocumentBuilder.
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getFCTHDocumentBuilder() {
return new GenericDocumentBuilder(FCTH.class, DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_FCTH, GenericDocumentBuilder.Mode.Fast);
}
/**
* Creates a DocumentBuilder for the JCD feature. See
* {@link net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.JCD} for more information on the image feature.
* Be sure to use the same options for the ImageSearcher as you used for the DocumentBuilder.
*
* @return the created DocumentBuilder
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getJCDDocumentBuilder() {
return new GenericFastDocumentBuilder(JCD.class, DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_JCD);
}
/**
* Creates a DocumentBuilder for the JpegCoefficientHistogram feature. See
* {@link net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.JpegCoefficientHistogram} for more
* information on the image feature.
* Be sure to use the same options for the ImageSearcher as you used for the DocumentBuilder.
*
* @return the created DocumentBuilder
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getJpegCoefficientHistogramDocumentBuilder() {
return new GenericDocumentBuilder(JpegCoefficientHistogram.class, DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_JPEGCOEFFS, GenericDocumentBuilder.Mode.Fast);
}
/**
* Creates a DocumentBuilder for simple RGB color histograms. See
* {@link net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.SimpleColorHistogram} for more
* information on the image feature.
* Be sure to use the same options for the ImageSearcher as you used for the DocumentBuilder.
*
* @return the created feature DocumentBuilder.
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getColorHistogramDocumentBuilder() {
return new GenericDocumentBuilder(SimpleColorHistogram.class, DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_COLORHISTOGRAM, GenericDocumentBuilder.Mode.Fast);
}
/**
* Creates a DocumentBuilder for three Tamura features. See
* {@link net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.Tamura} for more
* information on the image feature.
* Be sure to use the same options for the ImageSearcher as you used for the DocumentBuilder.
*
* @return the created Tamura feature DocumentBuilder.
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getTamuraDocumentBuilder() {
return new GenericFastDocumentBuilder(Tamura.class, DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_TAMURA);
}
/**
* Creates a DocumentBuilder for the Gabor feature. See
* {@link net.semanticmetadata.lire.imageanalysis.Gabor} for more
* information on the image feature.
* Be sure to use the same options for the ImageSearcher as you used for the DocumentBuilder.
*
* @return the created Tamura feature DocumentBuilder.
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getGaborDocumentBuilder() {
return new GenericFastDocumentBuilder(Gabor.class, DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_GABOR);
}
/**
* Creates and returns a DocumentBuilder, which contains all available features. For
* AutoColorCorrelogram the getAutoColorCorrelogramDocumentBuilder() is used. Therefore
* it is compatible with the respective Searcher.
*
* @return a combination of all available features.
*/
public static DocumentBuilder getFullDocumentBuilder() {
ChainedDocumentBuilder cdb = new ChainedDocumentBuilder();
cdb.addBuilder(DocumentBuilderFactory.getExtensiveDocumentBuilder());
cdb.addBuilder(DocumentBuilderFactory.getAutoColorCorrelogramDocumentBuilder());
cdb.addBuilder(DocumentBuilderFactory.getCEDDDocumentBuilder());
cdb.addBuilder(DocumentBuilderFactory.getFCTHDocumentBuilder());
cdb.addBuilder(DocumentBuilderFactory.getColorHistogramDocumentBuilder());
cdb.addBuilder(DocumentBuilderFactory.getTamuraDocumentBuilder());
cdb.addBuilder(DocumentBuilderFactory.getGaborDocumentBuilder());
return cdb;
}
}
DocumentBuilderFactory是用于创建DocumentBuilder的。里面有各种get****DocumentBuilder()。其中以下2种是几个DocumentBuilder的合集：
getExtensiveDocumentBuilder()：使用MPEG-7中的ColorLayout，EdgeHistogram，ScalableColor
getFullDocumentBuilder()：使用所有的DocumentBuilder