【Android】直播必备之YUV使用总结 —— Android常用的几种格式:NV21/NV12/YV12/YUV420P的区别

#####说明
  因工作方面接触到图像处理这一块,需要对手机摄像头采集的原始帧做Rotate或者Scale,但无奈对此的了解少之又少,于是网上搜了一顿,完事后将最近所学总结一下,以方便之后的人别踩太多坑。  

  首先想要了解YUV为何物:[请猛戳我](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa904813)  

  上面的链接中微软已经写的很详细了,国内大部分文章都是翻译这篇文章的,如果还有疑问的同学可以参考下面这些大神的博客:

- [最简单的基于FFmpeg的libswscale的示例(YUV转RGB)](http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/42134965)  
- [图文详解YUV420数据格式](http://www.cnblogs.com/azraelly/archive/2013/01/01/2841269.htm)
- [ANDROID 高性能图形处理](http://tangzm.com/blog/?p=18)
- [Android摄像头开发:实时摄像头视频预览帧的编码问题(二)](http://blog.csdn.net/yanzi1225627/article/details/8626411)

---
  看完上面的文章应该都会有所了解和认识了,因为在**Android SDK <= 20(Android5.0)**中Google支持的Camera Preview Callback的YUV常用格式有两种:NV21 / YV12,在此针对这两种格式做分析。

#####NV21:

引用一段微软的叙述:

######4:2:0 Formats, 12 Bits per Pixel

>Four 4:2:0 12-bpp formats are recommended, with the following FOURCC codes:  
- IMC2  
- IMC4  
- YV12  
- NV12  
	In all of these formats, the chroma channels are subsampled by a factor of two in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions. 

#####YV12

>`All of the Y samples appear first in memory as an array of unsigned char values.` This array is followed immediately by all of the V (Cr) samples. The stride of the V plane is half the stride of the Y plane, and the V plane contains half as many lines as the Y plane. The V plane is followed immediately by all of the U (Cb) samples, with the same stride and number of lines as the V plane (Figure 12).  
**Figure 12:**  
![YV12 memory layout](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/eterrao/BlogExamples/master/Blogs/DifferenceOfYUV/fig1.gif)

#####NV12

>`All of the Y samples are found first in memory as an array of unsigned char values with an even number of lines.` The Y plane is followed immediately by an array of unsigned char values that contains packed U (Cb) and V (Cr) samples, as shown in Figure 13. When the combined U-V array is addressed as an array of little-endian WORD values, the LSBs contain the U values, and the MSBs contain the V values. NV12 is the preferred 4:2:0 pixel format for DirectX VA. It is expected to be an intermediate-term requirement for DirectX VA accelerators supporting 4:2:0 video.  
**Figure 13:**  
![NV12 memory layout](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/eterrao/BlogExamples/master/Blogs/DifferenceOfYUV/fig2.gif)

  从上可知YV12和NV12所占内存是**12bits/Pixel**,因为**每个Y就是一个像素点**,注意着色加粗的叙述,YUV值在内存中是按照数组的形式存放的,而由于**YV12和NV21都是属于planar**格式,也就是Y值和UV值是独立采样的:

>``In a planar format, the Y, U, and V components are stored as three separate planes.``  

  既然Y、U、V值都是独立的,那就意味着我们可以分别处理相应的值,比如在YV12中,排列方式是这样的,**每4个Y共用一对UV值**,而U、V值又是按照如下格式排列  
**下面是YV12格式中宽为16,高为4像素的排列**

|Y第一行: |Y  Y|Y  Y|Y  Y|Y  Y|
|:-----:|:--:|:--:|:--:| :--: |
|Y第二行:|Y  Y|Y  Y|Y  Y|Y  Y|
|Y第三行:|Y  Y|Y  Y|Y  Y|Y  Y|
|Y第四行:|Y  Y|Y  Y|Y  Y|Y  Y|
|V第一行:|V0|V1|V2|V3|
|U第一行:|U0|U1|U2|U3|
|V第二行:|V4|V5|V6|V7|
|U第二行:|U4|U5|U6|U7|

  既然知道了YUV值的结构,我们就可以任性的对此图像做Rotate,scale等等。这里我以480x270 (16:9)的一张原始帧图像举例,贴出部分代码示例:  
任意设定的一个带有onPreviewFrame的类,**CameraPreviewFrame.java:**

    /**
     * 获取preview的原始帧:
     * 
     * 这里有个前提,因为Android camera preview默认格式为NV21的,所以需要
     * 调用setPreviewFormat()方法设置为我们需要的格式
     * 
     */
    
    @Override
    public void onPreviewFrame(byte[] data, Camera camera) {// 假设这里的data为480x270原始帧
    
            String SRC_FRAME_WIDTH = 480;
            String SRC_FRAME_HEIGHT = 270;
            
            String DES_FRAME_WIDTH = 480;
            String DES_FRAME_HEIGHT = 270;
            // 此处将data数组保存在了指定的路径,保存类型为jpeg格式,但是普通的图片浏
            // 览器是无法打开的,需要使用RawView等专业的工具打开。
            saveImageData(data);
    
            // 定义与原始帧大小一样的outputData,因为YUV420所占内存是12Bits/Pixel,
             // 每个Y为一个像素8bit=1Byte,U=2bit=1/4(Byte),V=2bit=1/4(Byte),
             // Y值数量为480*270,则U=V=480*270*(1/4)
            byte[] outputData = new byte[DES_FRAME_WIDTH * DES_FRAME_HEIGHT * 3 / 2]; 
            // call the JNI method to rotate frame data clockwise 90 degrees
            YuvUtil.DealYV12(data, outputData, SRC_FRAME_WIDTH, SRC_FRAME_HEIGHT, 90);
            saveImageData(outputData);
    
        }
    }
    
        // save image to sdcard path: Pictures/MyTestImage/
    public void saveImageData(byte[] imageData) {
            File imageFile = getOutputMediaFile(MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE);
            if (imageFile == null) {
                return;
            }
    
            try {
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(imageFile);
                fos.write(imageData);
                fos.close();
    
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                Log.e(TAG, "File not found: " + e.getMessage());
    
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                Log.e(TAG, "Error accessing file: " + e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    
    public static File getOutputMediaFile(int type) {
            File imageFileDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES), "MyTestImage");
    
            if (!imageFileDir.exists()) {
                if (!imageFileDir.mkdirs()) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "can't makedir for imagefile");
                    return null;
                }
            }
            // Create a media file name
            String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date());
            File imageFile;
            if (type == MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE) {
                imageFile = new File(imageFileDir.getPath() + File.separator +
                        "IMG_" + timeStamp + ".jpg");
            } else if (type == MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
                imageFile = new File(imageFileDir.getPath() + File.separator +
                        "VID_" + timeStamp + ".mp4");
            } else {
                return null;
            }
            return imageFile;
    }

上面的代码中可以看到调用了JNI的方法:**YuvUtil.RotateYV12()**

    public class YuvUtil {
        // 初始化,为data分配相应大小的内存
        public static native void initYV12(int length, int scale_length);

        public static native void DealYV12(byte[] src_data, byte[] dst_data, int width, int height, int rotation);
    }
    
**com_example_jni_YuvUtil.h**

    /* DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - it is machine generated */
    #include <jni.h>
    /* Header for class _Included_com_example_jni_YuvUtil */

    #ifndef _Included_com_example_jni_YuvUtil
    #define _Included_com_example_jni_YuvUtil
    #ifdef __cplusplus
    extern "C" {
    #endif
    /*
     * Class:     com_example_jni_YuvUtil
     * Method:    initYV12
     * Signature: (II)V
     */
    JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_example_jni_YuvUtil_initYV12
      (JNIEnv *, jclass, jint, jint);

    /*
     * Class:     com_example_jni_YuvUtil
     * Method:    DealYV12
     * Signature: ([B[BIIIII)V
     */
    JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_example_jni_YuvUtil_DealYV12
      (JNIEnv *, jclass, jbyteArray, jbyteArray, jint, jint, jint, jint, jint);


    #ifdef __cplusplus
    }
    #endif
    #endif
    
**com_example_jni_YuvUtil.c**

    #include "com_example_jni_YuvUtil.h"
    #include <android/log.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <jni.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>

    #define TAG "jni-log-jni" // 这个是自定义的LOG的标识
    #define LOGD(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG,TAG ,__VA_ARGS__) // 定义LOGD类型
    #define LOGI(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO,TAG ,__VA_ARGS__) // 定义LOGI类型
    #define LOGW(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_WARN,TAG ,__VA_ARGS__) // 定义LOGW类型
    #define LOGE(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR,TAG ,__VA_ARGS__) // 定义LOGE类型
    #define LOGF(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL,TAG ,__VA_ARGS__) // 定义LOGF类型

    char *input_src_data, *output_src_data, *src_y_data,
         *src_u_data, *src_v_data, *dst_y_data, *dst_v_data;
    int src_data_width, src_data_height, len_src;

    /*
     * Class:     com_example_jni_YuvUtil
     */
    JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_example_jni_YuvUtil_initYV12
    (JNIEnv *env, jclass jcls, jint length, jint scaleDataLength) {
    len_src = length;
    len_scale = scaleDataLength;
    LOGD("########## len_src  = %d, len_scale = %d 
", len_src, len_scale);

    input_src_data = malloc(sizeof(char) * len_src);
    LOGD("########## input_src_data  = %d 
", input_src_data);

    src_y_data = malloc(sizeof(char) * (len_src * 2 / 3));
    src_u_data = malloc(sizeof(char) * (len_src / 6));
    src_v_data = malloc(sizeof(char) * (len_src / 6));

    dst_y_data = malloc(sizeof(char) * (len_src * 2 / 3));
    dst_u_data = malloc(sizeof(char) * (len_src / 6));
    dst_v_data = malloc(sizeof(char) * (len_src / 6));

    }

    JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_example_jni_YuvUtil_DealYV12
    (JNIEnv *env, jclass jcls, jbyteArray src_data,
        jbyteArray dst_data, jint width, jint height, jint rotation, jint dst_width, jint dst_height) {
    src_data_width = width;
    src_data_height = height;

    // 将src_data的数据传给input_src_data
    (*env)->GetByteArrayRegion (env, src_data, 0, len_src, (jbyte*)(input_src_data));

    /*以下三个memcpy分别将Y、U、V值从src_data中提取出来,将YUV值分别scale或者rotate,则可得到对应格式的图像数据*/
    // get y plane
    memcpy(src_y_data, input_src_data , (len_src * 2 /3));
    // get u plane
    memcpy(src_u_data, input_src_data + (len_src * 2 / 3), len_src / 6);
    // get v plane
    memcpy(src_v_data, input_src_data + (len_src * 5 / 6 ), len_src / 6);
    /*获取yuv三个值的数据可以做相应操作*/
    // ......... 
    // .........


    // 例:将Y值置为0,则得到没有灰度的图像;
    memset(input_src_data + src_data_width * src_data_height, 0, src_data_width * src_data_height);

    // 将input_src_data的数据返回给dst_data输出
    // output to the dst_data
    (*env)->SetByteArrayRegion (env, dst_data, 0, len_src, (jbyte*)(input_src_data));

    }

    /**
     * free memory
     */
    JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_example_jni_YuvUtil_ReleaseYV12
    (JNIEnv *env , jclass jcls) {
    free(output_src_data);
    free(input_src_data);
    }
    
**注意:以上代码不是完全的,只是用于说明而已,如果需要更多的操作还请各位朋友自己完善,因为没怎么写过这类博客代码很乱,如有表述的不清楚和有问题的地方,大家可以给我留言。**
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/raomengyang/p/4924787.html