android中使用Application

在android开发过程中,我们可能存储一些全局的变量,最好在正在app的任何一个activity或者service中都可以访问到,这时我们可以使用application。

我们的一个应用就叫application,那么应该很好理解一个应用里面只会存在一个单例的application,也不难想到用这个在存储全局变量,那么到底是怎么存储呢?

首先,我们创建一个Application,继承android.app.Application:

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<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.podongfeng.firstapplication.app;
 
import android.app.Application;
 
public class MyApplication extends Application {
     
    private Integer allViewInteger;
 
    public Integer getAllViewInteger() {
        return allViewInteger;
    }
 
    public void setAllViewInteger(Integer allViewInteger) {
        this.allViewInteger = allViewInteger;
    }
 
}
</span>


然后,在AndroidManifest.xml去声明这个Application,有点类似于声明Activity。

其实,在AndroidManifest.xml中肯定会存在一个系统声明的Application,类似于这样:

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<span style="font-size:18px;">
         
            <intent-filter>
                 
 
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER">
            </category></action></intent-filter>
        </activity>
         
        </activity>
    </application></span>


那么,怎么替换成为我们自己的application呢?

其实,只要在application标签中增加android:name属性指向我们自定义的application就可以了:

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<span style="font-size:18px;">
         
            <intent-filter>
                 
 
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER">
            </category></action></intent-filter>
        </activity>
         
        </activity>
    </application></span>


OK,这样的话,我们就可以在activity中使用getApplicationContext()来获取这个我们自定义的Application了。

等等,是不是局的这样还不是特别的方便,如果写了一些共用的java方法,为了代码的良好复用,没有放在activity里面呢?

通过一个参数把context传过去,然后再用context去获取Application?

这样做当然可以,不过,既然Application是单例的,我们很容联想到在单例的设计模式中使用getInstance方法来得到单例的对象。事实上,我们的MyApplication集成了Application,可以直接覆写onCreate方法,在Application被创建时把对象赋值给一个静态成员变量,这样,就可以任何地方通过MyApplication的静态方法去获取这个单例了:

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<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.podongfeng.firstapplication.app;
 
import android.app.Application;
 
public class MyApplication extends Application {
     
    private static MyApplication myApplication = null;
     
    public static MyApplication getMyApplication() {
        return myApplication;
    }
     
    private Integer allViewInteger;
 
    public Integer getAllViewInteger() {
        return allViewInteger;
    }
 
    public void setAllViewInteger(Integer allViewInteger) {
        this.allViewInteger = allViewInteger;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        myApplication = this;
    }
 
}
</span>


OK,我们目前只在里面写了一个可用的全局变量allViewInteger,这仅仅用来说明问题就足够了,想存什么就存什么,获取起来也很方便,最后附上在2个activity中set和get的一个全局变量的样例:

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<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.podongfeng.firstapplication;
 
import com.podongfeng.firstapplication.app.MyApplication;
 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
 
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
     
    private Button nextBtn;
 
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        MyApplication myApplication = MyApplication.getMyApplication();
        myApplication.setAllViewInteger(100);
        nextBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_next);
        nextBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
    }
 
    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return true;
    }
 
    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setClass(getApplicationContext(), SecActivity.class);
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}
</span>
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<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.podongfeng.firstapplication;
 
import com.podongfeng.firstapplication.app.MyApplication;
 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
 
public class SecActivity extends Activity {
     
    private TextView textView = null;
     
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activiry_sec);
        textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_sec);
        textView.setText(String.valueOf(MyApplication.getMyApplication().getAllViewInteger()));
    }
 
}
</span>
 

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原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/rabbit-bunny/p/4182691.html