1.printf格式化输出(format and print data)
语法：printf(选项)(参数)
参数
- 输出格式：指定数据输出时的格式；
- 输出字符串：指定要输出的数据。
格式替代符
- %c ASCII字符。显示相对应参数的第一个字符
- %d, %i 十进制整数
- %e, %E, %f 浮点格式
- %g %e或%f转换，看哪一个较短，则删除结尾的零
- %G %E或%f转换，看哪一个较短，则删除结尾的零
- %o 不带正负号的八进制值
- %s 字符串
- %u 不带正负号的十进制值
- %x 不带正负号的十六进制值，使用a至f表示10至15
- %X 不带正负号的十六进制值，使用A至F表示10至15
- %% 字面意义的%
[root@test ~]# printf '%c ' 1010 1 [root@test ~]# printf '%d ' 123 123 [root@test ~]# printf '%e ' 123 1.230000e+02 [root@test ~]# printf '%E ' 123 1.230000E+02 [root@test ~]# printf '%f ' 123 123.000000 [root@test ~]# printf '%g ' 123 123 [root@test ~]# printf '%g ' 123.123456 123.123 [root@test ~]# printf '%g ' 123.000456 123 [root@test ~]# printf '%g ' 123.00456 123.005 [root@test ~]# printf '%g ' 123.00446 123.004 [root@test ~]# printf '%G ' 123.00446 123.004 [root@test ~]# printf '%o ' 101010 305222 [root@test ~]# printf '%o ' 8 10 [root@test ~]# printf '%o ' 8888 21270 [root@test ~]# printf '%s ' abc abc [root@test ~]# printf '%u ' -100 18446744073709551516 [root@test ~]# printf '%u ' 100 100 [root@test ~]# printf '%x ' 1010 3f2 [root@test ~]# printf '%x ' -1010 fffffffffffffc0e [root@test ~]# printf '%X ' -1010 FFFFFFFFFFFFFC0E [root@test ~]# printf '%X ' 1010 3F2 [root@test ~]# printf '%% ' 1010 %
转义序列
- a 警告字符，通常为ASCII的BEL字符
- 后退
- c 抑制（不显示）输出结果中任何结尾的换行字符（只在%b格式指示符控制下的参数字符串中有效），而且，任何留在参数里的字符、任何接下来的参数以及任何留在格式字符串中的字符，都被忽略
- f 换页（formfeed）
- 换行
- 回车（Carriage return）
- 水平制表符
- v 垂直制表符
- \ 一个字面上的反斜杠字符
[root@test ~]# printf 'abcabc
'
ababc
[root@test ~]# printf 'abccabc
'
abccabc
[root@test ~]# printf 'abccabc
aaaa'
abccabc
aaaa[root@test ~]# printf 'abccabc
aaaa
badfas'
abccabc
aaaa
badfas[root@test ~]# printf 'abccabc
aaaafbadfas'
abccabc
aaaa
badfas[root@test ~]# printf 'abccabc
aaaafbadfas
'
abccabc
aaaa
badfas
[root@test ~]# printf 'abccabc
aaaaf
badfas
'
abccabc
aaaa
badfas
[root@test ~]# printf 'abccabc
aaaaf
ba
dfas
'
abccabc
aaaa
dfas
[root@test ~]# printf 'abccabc
aaaaf
badfas
'
abccabc
aaaa
badfas
[root@test ~]# printf 'abccabc
a
aaaf
badfas
'
abccabc
aaa
badfas
[root@test ~]# printf 'aaaa bbbn'
aaaa bbbn[root@test ~]# printf 'aaaa bbb
'
aaaa bbb
[root@test ~]# printf 'aaaavbbb
'
aaaa
bbb
[root@test ~]# printf 'aaaa\bbb
'
aaaabb
[root@test ~]#
2.mkdir:创建空目录
语法：mkdir (选项)(参数)
-p:parents如果目录存在则不创建也不报错，若不存在则创建需要的目录
[root@test ~]# ls
scripts
[root@test ~]# mkdir test/xxx/abc -p
[root@test ~]# ls
scripts test
[root@test ~]# tree test
test
`-- xxx
`-- abc
2 directories, 0 files
-v:verbose 详细信息，显示创建过程
[root@test ~]# mkdir -pv abc/bcd/dce/efg mkdir: created directory `abc' mkdir: created directory `abc/bcd' mkdir: created directory `abc/bcd/dce' mkdir: created directory `abc/bcd/dce/efg'
{}大括号展开
[root@test ~]# mkdir -pv xxx/{a,b,c}/bcd
mkdir: created directory `xxx'
mkdir: created directory `xxx/a'
mkdir: created directory `xxx/a/bcd'
mkdir: created directory `xxx/b'
mkdir: created directory `xxx/b/bcd'
mkdir: created directory `xxx/c'
mkdir: created directory `xxx/c/bcd'
[root@test ~]# tree xxx
xxx
|-- a
| `-- bcd
|-- b
| `-- bcd
`-- c
`-- bcd
6 directories, 0 files
[root@test ~]# mkdir -pv xxx/{a,b}_{b,c}_{d,e}
mkdir: created directory `xxx/a_b_d'
mkdir: created directory `xxx/a_b_e'
mkdir: created directory `xxx/a_c_d'
mkdir: created directory `xxx/a_c_e'
mkdir: created directory `xxx/b_b_d'
mkdir: created directory `xxx/b_b_e'
mkdir: created directory `xxx/b_c_d'
mkdir: created directory `xxx/b_c_e'
[root@test ~]# tree xxx
xxx
|-- a
| `-- bcd
|-- a_b_d
|-- a_b_e
|-- a_c_d
|-- a_c_e
|-- b
| `-- bcd
|-- b_b_d
|-- b_b_e
|-- b_c_d
|-- b_c_e
`-- c
`-- bcd
14 directories, 0 files
-m:指定文件目录的权限，直接指定权限不受umask影响
[qiuhom@test xx]$ ll total 0 [qiuhom@test xx]$ mkdir test [qiuhom@test xx]$ ll total 4 drwxrwxr-x 2 qiuhom qiuhom 4096 Oct 19 15:26 test [qiuhom@test xx]$ mkdir -m 400 test2 [qiuhom@test xx]$ ll total 8 drwxrwxr-x 2 qiuhom qiuhom 4096 Oct 19 15:26 test dr-------- 2 qiuhom qiuhom 4096 Oct 19 15:27 test2
3.rmdir：删除空目录（remove directory）只允许删除空目录，非空目录删不了
[root@test ~]# tree aaa
aaa
0 directories, 0 files
[root@test ~]# rmdir aaa
[root@test ~]# tree abc
abc
`-- bcd
`-- dce
`-- efg
3 directories, 0 files
[root@test ~]# rmdir abc
rmdir: failed to remove `abc': Directory not empty
4.tree:查看文件系统树，查看目录树
[root@test work]# tree scripts scripts |-- auto_bak_log.sh |-- auto_delete_log.sh |-- batch_create_user.sh |-- batch_delete_user.sh |-- clear |-- nginx_install.sh `-- rsync_server_config.sh 0 directories, 7 files [root@test work]# tree mysql_log/ mysql_log/ `-- mysql.log 0 directories, 1 file
5.touch:创建一个空文件，这个命令的主要作用是改变文件的时间戳（change file timestamps）
语法：touch [OPTION]... FILE...
-c:不创建文件，文件不存在不创建文件，默认不加-c 是文件不存在就创建文件，所有这个命令才有了创建文件的功能。
[root@test xxx]# ls [root@test xxx]# touch -c abc [root@test xxx]# ls
默认不加-c就是文件不存在就创建文件
[root@test xxx]# ls [root@test xxx]# touch abc [root@test xxx]# ls abc
提示：创建文件，可以使用文本编辑器来创建
-a:只改变访问时间（access time）
[root@test xxx]# stat abc File: `abc' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 140554 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2018-10-16 21:32:34.842999349 +0800 Modify: 2018-10-16 21:32:34.842999349 +0800 Change: 2018-10-16 21:32:34.842999349 +0800 [root@test xxx]# touch -a abc [root@test xxx]# stat abc File: `abc' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 140554 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2018-10-16 21:33:23.714999000 +0800 Modify: 2018-10-16 21:32:34.842999349 +0800 Change: 2018-10-16 21:33:23.714999000 +0800
提示：改变访问时间，文件的改变时间也会跟着发生改变，因为只要文件发生了改变，change所对应的时间也就会更新
-m:只改变修改时间（modify time）
[root@test xxx]# stat abc File: `abc' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 140554 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2018-10-16 21:33:23.714999000 +0800 Modify: 2018-10-16 21:32:34.842999349 +0800 Change: 2018-10-16 21:33:23.714999000 +0800 [root@test xxx]# touch -m abc [root@test xxx]# stat abc File: `abc' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 140554 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2018-10-16 21:33:23.714999000 +0800 Modify: 2018-10-16 21:37:13.442000125 +0800 Change: 2018-10-16 21:37:13.442000125 +0800
-t:指定时间
[root@test xxx]# stat abc File: `abc' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 140554 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2018-10-16 21:33:23.714999000 +0800 Modify: 2018-10-16 21:37:13.442000125 +0800 Change: 2018-10-16 21:37:13.442000125 +0800 [root@test xxx]# touch -m -t 201010101254.33 abc [root@test xxx]# stat abc File: `abc' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 140554 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2018-10-16 21:33:23.714999000 +0800 Modify: 2010-10-10 12:54:33.000000000 +0800 Change: 2018-10-16 21:43:55.968996321 +0800
6.stat:查看文件的详细属性
[root@test ~]# stat scripts File: `scripts' Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 131075 Links: 3 Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2018-10-16 21:17:07.214995505 +0800 Modify: 2018-09-14 10:52:57.264000280 +0800 Change: 2018-10-16 21:17:01.983000675 +0800 [root@test ~]# stat abc File: `abc' Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 140544 Links: 3 Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2018-10-16 21:23:40.826000125 +0800 Modify: 2018-10-16 21:19:30.404995317 +0800 Change: 2018-10-16 21:19:30.404995317 +0800
7.rm(remove)删除文件
语法：rm (选项)(参数)
-i:删除已有文件或目录之前先询问用户
[root@test xxx]# ls abc [root@test xxx]# rm -i abc rm: remove regular empty file `abc'? y [root@test xxx]# ls [root@test xxx]#
-f:强制删除文件或目录(不询问用户)
[root@test xxx]# ls bcd [root@test xxx]# rm -f bcd [root@test xxx]# ls [root@test xxx]#
-r:递归处理，将指定目录下的所有文件与子目录一并处理
[root@test ~]# tree test
test
`-- xxx
`-- abc
2 directories, 0 files
[root@test ~]#
m -r test
[root@test ~]# ls
scripts xxx
说明：以上实例是因为rm是一个别名，它指向的命令是 rm -i 所有我用反斜线取消别名所指定的命令。
8.cp复制文件或目录
语法：cp(选项)(参数)
-d:只复制链接文件，不复制链接文件所指向的文件。
[root@test ~]# ls scripts xxx [root@test ~]# ll /application/ total 1512 drwxrwxr-x 9 root root 4096 Aug 31 17:08 haproxy-1.6.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1538976 Aug 15 15:53 haproxy-1.6.2.tar.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Jul 28 01:10 nginx -> /application/nginx-1.6.3/ drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Jul 28 01:10 nginx-1.6.3 [root@test ~]# cp -d /application/nginx /root/ [root@test ~]# ls -l /root/ total 8 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Oct 16 21:58 nginx -> /application/nginx-1.6.3/ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 21:51 xxx
-f：强制覆盖文件（非交互）
[root@test ~]# ll xxx/ total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4534 Oct 16 22:09 123 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4534 Oct 16 22:04 sshd [root@test ~]# cp -f scripts/nohup.out xxx/123 [root@test ~]# ll xxx/ total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:11 123 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4534 Oct 16 22:04 sshd
提示：的作用是取消别名
-i：覆盖既有文件之前先询问用户；
[root@test ~]# ll xxx/ total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:11 123 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4534 Oct 16 22:04 sshd [root@test ~]# cp -i xxx/123 xxx/sshd cp: overwrite `xxx/sshd'? y [root@test ~]# ll xxx/ total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:11 123 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:14 sshd
-l：对源文件建立硬连接，而非复制文件
[root@test ~]# ls -l xxx/ total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:11 123 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:14 sshd [root@test ~]# cp -l xxx/sshd abc [root@test ~]# ll total 12 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 693 Jul 28 01:16 nginx_install.sh drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:06 xxx [root@test ~]# ll xxx/ total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:11 123 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 16 22:14 sshd
提示：我们可以看到sshd 前面硬链接数目增加了1.当然我们也可以用inode方式去看，如果连个文件的inode号一样 那么就说明他们是同一个文件。
[root@test ~]# ll -i xxx/sshd abc 135455 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc 135455 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 16 22:14 xxx/sshd
说明：以上实例说明cp -l 是对文件创建硬链接，而非复制文件
-R/r：递归处理，将指定目录下的所有文件与子目录一并处理
[root@test xxx]# ls
[root@test xxx]# cp -r /etc/init.d/ /root/xxx/
[root@test xxx]# ls
init.d
[root@test xxx]# tree
.
`-- init.d
|-- DbSecuritySpt
|-- abrt-ccpp
|-- abrt-oops
|-- abrtd
|-- acpid
|-- atd
|-- auditd
|-- blk-availability
|-- cpuspeed
|-- crond
|-- functions
...
-s：对源文件建立符号连接，而非复制文件；
[root@test ~]# ll total 12 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 693 Jul 28 01:16 nginx_install.sh drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:31 xxx [root@test ~]# cp -s nginx_install.sh test [root@test ~]# ll total 12 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 693 Jul 28 01:16 nginx_install.sh drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Oct 16 22:31 test -> nginx_install.sh drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:31 xxx [root@test ~]#
-b：覆盖已存在的文件目标前将目标文件备份；
[root@test xxx]# ls ttt [root@test xxx]# cp -b ../abc ttt [root@test xxx]# ls ttt ttt~ [root@test xxx]#
-v：详细显示命令执行的操作。
[root@test ~]# cp -v nginx_install.sh ooo `nginx_install.sh' -> `ooo'
-p:保留源文件的属主，属组 和创建时间等属性
[root@test ~]# ls -l abc -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc [root@test ~]# cp -p abc ddd [root@test ~]# ls -l ddd -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 ddd
-a:归档复制，常用于备份参数的效果和同时指定"-dpR"参数相同
[qiuhom@test ~]$ ll total 39636 -rw-r-S--- 1 root root 20163 Sep 20 18:36 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4227297 Oct 14 11:19 bin.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50566 Oct 14 11:21 etc_rc_init.tar.gz -rwsr--r-- 1 qiuhom qiuhom 177 Sep 12 10:55 mycron -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36277770 Oct 14 11:20 usr_bin.tar.gz [qiuhom@test ~]$ cp -a bin.tar.gz test [qiuhom@test ~]$ ll total 43768 -rw-r-S--- 1 root root 20163 Sep 20 18:36 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4227297 Oct 14 11:19 bin.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50566 Oct 14 11:21 etc_rc_init.tar.gz -rwsr--r-- 1 qiuhom qiuhom 177 Sep 12 10:55 mycron -rw-r--r-- 1 qiuhom qiuhom 4227297 Oct 14 11:19 test -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36277770 Oct 14 11:20 usr_bin.tar.gz [qiuhom@test ~]$ stat bin.tar.gz File: `bin.tar.gz' Size: 4227297 Blocks: 8264 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 135931 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2018-10-16 23:47:19.533000125 +0800 Modify: 2018-10-14 11:19:50.026000238 +0800 Change: 2018-10-14 11:19:50.026000238 +0800 [qiuhom@test ~]$ stat test File: `test' Size: 4227297 Blocks: 8264 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 140564 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 500/ qiuhom) Gid: ( 500/ qiuhom) Access: 2018-10-14 11:30:35.254999044 +0800 Modify: 2018-10-14 11:19:50.026000238 +0800 Change: 2018-10-16 23:47:19.536000125 +0800
提示：因为执行cp命令 会访问源文件，所有属性里的访问时间会发生变化，而目标文件的访问时间和修改是件和源文件被访问前的时间一样。应为生成新的文件，所以目标文件的改变是见和源文件的访问时间一样，两者是同时发生的。
9.mv(move)移动文件
语法：mv(选项)(参数)
mv SRC DEST
mv -t DEST SRC
移动单个文件到指定文目录
[root@test ~]# ls aaa abc ddd jjj nginx_install.sh ooo scripts test xxx [root@test ~]# mv abc xxx [root@test ~]# ls aaa ddd jjj nginx_install.sh ooo scripts test xxx [root@test ~]# ls xxx abc ttt ttt~
移动多个文件到指定目录下
[root@test ~]# ll total 20 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:36 aaa -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 ddd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:39 jjj -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 693 Jul 28 01:16 nginx_install.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 693 Oct 16 22:35 ooo drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Oct 16 22:31 test -> nginx_install.sh drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:42 xxx [root@test ~]# mv ddd jjj nginx_install.sh test ooo xxx [root@test ~]# ll total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:36 aaa drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:44 xxx [root@test ~]# ll xxx total 8 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 ddd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:39 jjj -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 693 Jul 28 01:16 nginx_install.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 693 Oct 16 22:35 ooo lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Oct 16 22:31 test -> nginx_install.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:34 ttt -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:33 ttt~
当目标文件是文件是会覆盖其目标文件
[root@test xxx]# ll total 8 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 ddd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:39 jjj -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 693 Jul 28 01:16 nginx_install.sh lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Oct 16 22:31 test -> nginx_install.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 693 Oct 16 22:35 ttt -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:33 ttt~ [root@test xxx]# mv jjj ttt mv: overwrite `ttt'? y [root@test xxx]# ll total 4 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 ddd -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 693 Jul 28 01:16 nginx_install.sh lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Oct 16 22:31 test -> nginx_install.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:39 ttt -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:33 ttt~
提示：可以看到ttt文件的大小发生了改变，说明ttt原有的数据被jjj给覆盖了
当源文件是多个文件时，目标文件必须是目录
[root@test xxx]# ll total 4 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 ddd -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 693 Jul 28 01:16 nginx_install.sh lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Oct 16 22:31 test -> nginx_install.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:39 ttt -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:33 ttt~ [root@test xxx]# mv abc ddd ttt mv: target `ttt' is not a directory [root@test xxx]# mv abc ddd ttt .. [root@test xxx]# ls nginx_install.sh test ttt~ [root@test xxx]#
-t:指定目标目录（这里必须是目录，文件不行）
[root@test xxx]# ls nginx_install.sh test ttt~ [root@test xxx]# mv -t /tmp test nginx_install.sh ttt~ [root@test xxx]# ll total 0 [root@test xxx]# ls /tmp Gtcpe gates.lod nginx_install.sh test_dir yum_save_tx-2018-10-13-19-486q4O6n.yumtx conf.n moni.lod test ttt～
在同目录下，可以更改文件名
[root@test ~]# ll total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:36 aaa -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 ddd drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:39 ttt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:50 xxx [root@test ~]# mv ddd abc [root@test ~]# ll total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:36 aaa -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:39 ttt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:50 xxx
10.install :复制文件和设置属性
-d:创建目录
[root@test ~]# ls
aaa abc scripts ttt xxx
[root@test ~]# install -d bbb/cccc/ddd
[root@test ~]# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:36 aaa
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:59 bbb
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:39 ttt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:50 xxx
[root@test ~]# tree bbb
bbb
`-- cccc
`-- ddd
2 directories, 0 files
提示：这个创建目录和mkdir -p类似
-m:指定权限，默认是rwxr_xr_x权限（755）
[root@test ~]# install -m 644 abc jjj [root@test ~]# ll total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:36 aaa -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:59 bbb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:03 jjj drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:39 ttt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:50 xxx
-t：指定目标目录
[root@test ~]# ll xxx total 0 [root@test ~]# ll total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:36 aaa -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:59 bbb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:03 jjj drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:39 ttt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:50 xxx [root@test ~]# install -t xxx ttt abc jjj [root@test ~]# ll total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:36 aaa -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:59 bbb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:03 jjj drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:39 ttt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 23:06 xxx [root@test ~]# ll xxx total 0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 abc -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 jjj -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 ttt
提示：目标必须是目录 ，不能是文件
-g:指定目标文件的属组
[root@test ~]# ll total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:36 aaa -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:59 bbb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:03 jjj drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:39 ttt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 23:06 xxx [root@test ~]# install -g qiuhom jjj ccc [root@test ~]# ll total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:36 aaa -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql qiuhom 0 Oct 16 22:14 abc drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 22:59 bbb -rwxr-xr-x 1 root qiuhom 0 Oct 16 23:10 ccc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:03 jjj drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 14 10:52 scripts -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 22:39 ttt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 23:06 xxx
提示：复制前指定ccc 为qiuhom组的权限
-o:指定目标属主
[root@test xxx]# ll total 0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 abc -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 jjj -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 ttt [root@test xxx]# install -o qiuhom abc ddd [root@test xxx]# ll total 0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 abc -rwxr-xr-x 1 qiuhom root 0 Oct 16 23:13 ddd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 jjj -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 ttt
提示：指定目标文件ddd的属主为qiuhom
-v：输出命令执行过程
[root@test xxx]# ll total 0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 abc -rwxr-xr-x 1 qiuhom root 0 Oct 16 23:13 ddd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 jjj -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 ttt [root@test xxx]# install -vm 400 ddd fff `ddd' -> `fff' [root@test xxx]# ll total 0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 abc -rwxr-xr-x 1 qiuhom root 0 Oct 16 23:13 ddd -r-------- 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:16 fff -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 jjj -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 16 23:06 ttt