一级路由：
from django.contrib import admin from api import views from django.views.static import serve from d_proj import settings urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^api1/', include('api1.urls')), url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {'document_root':settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),]
二级路由
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from api1 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^users/$', views.Users.as_view()), url(r'^users/(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.Users.as_view()), ]
models.py
from django.db import models class User(models.Model): CHOICE_SEX = ( (0, '男'), (1, '女') ) name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="姓名") pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="密码") sex = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=CHOICE_SEX, default=0) create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, blank=True) is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False) class Meta: db_table = 'F_user' verbose_name_plural = "用户名" def __str__(self): return self.name
views.py
# 基于django Rest Framework框架drf写restful接口 #drf使用： #1 在setting.py 中把rest_framework加入到app中 #2 以后再写全写CBV，继承APIView #为什么要用rest_framework的APIview? from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from .api1_serializer import UserSerializer,UserDserializer from api1 import models from rest_framework.request import Request from django.http import request class Users(APIView): back_dic = { 'status':None, 'msg':'', 'result':{} } # 获取所有资源 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): pk = kwargs.get('pk', None) if pk: # 获取一个 users_query = models.User.objects.filter(pk=pk, is_delete=False) else: users_query = models.User.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all() if users_query: # instance = query_list , many=True # instance = query_obj, many=False userser = UserSerializer(instance=users_query, many=True) self.back_dic['result'] = userser.data self.back_dic['msg'] = '查询成功' self.back_dic['status'] = '0' else: self.back_dic['msg'] = '查询失败,所查不存在' self.back_dic['status'] = '1' return Response(self.back_dic) # 新增一个资源 def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # models.User.objects.create(**request.data) #保存数据前需要对数据进行验证，可以定义一个反系列化类， user_deser = UserDserializer(data=request.data) # 当raise_exception=True 直接将验证不合法信息返回给前台 # user_deser.is_valid(raise_exception=True) if user_deser.is_valid(): # 必须校验通过才可以调用反系列化类中自己写的create方法 # 可以自己直接调create方法，也可以调save方法，save方法会去调create方法 # ret = user_deser.create(user_deser.validated_data) ret = user_deser.save() self.back_dic['status'] = 0 self.back_dic['msg'] = '新增成功' self.back_dic['result'] = UserSerializer(instance=ret).data return Response(self.back_dic) else: self.back_dic['status'] = 1 self.back_dic['msg'] = '新增失败' self.back_dic['result'] = user_deser.errors return Response(self.back_dic) # 更新一个，需要自定义update方法 def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 修改的对象【query_list】 # update_query = models.User.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk', None)) # user_ser = UserDserializer(instance=update_query, data=request.data) # 修改的对象【query_obj】 update_query_obj = models.User.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk', None)).first() user_ser = UserDserializer(instance=update_query_obj, data=request.data) if user_ser.is_valid(): # ret_query = user_ser.update(instance=update_query,validated_data=user_ser.validated_data) # 可以自己直接调update方法，也可以调save方法，save方法会去调create方法 ret_query = user_ser.save() self.back_dic['status'] = 0 self.back_dic['msg'] = '更新成功' # 【query_list】 # self.back_dic['result'] = UserSerializer(instance=ret_query, many=True).data #[query_obj] self.back_dic['result'] = UserSerializer(instance=ret_query,many=False).data else: self.back_dic['status'] = 1 self.back_dic['msg'] = '更新失败' self.back_dic['result'] = user_ser.errors return Response(self.back_dic) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): models.User.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk'), is_delete=False).update(is_delete=True) return Response('delete ok')
系列化与反系列化
from rest_framework import serializers from . import models class UserSerializer(serializers.Serializer): name = serializers.CharField() pwd = serializers.CharField() create_time = serializers.DateTimeField() gender = serializers.SerializerMethodField() # 可以自定义序列化属性(不需要和Model类属性同步) def get_gender(self,obj): # obj为参与序列化的Model类对象 # return obj.sex # 0或1 # 该函数的返回值就作为对应自定义数据序列化后的值 return obj.get_sex_display() class UserDserializer(serializers.Serializer): name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32,min_length=2, error_messages={ 'max_length':'姓名太长', 'min_length':'姓名太短', }) pwd = serializers.CharField(max_length=32) gender = serializers.IntegerField(source='sex') # 不校验可以让requires=False create_time = serializers.DateTimeField(required=False) # 不是必须的 # 为post接口提供新增Model类对象的功能 def create(self, validated_data): print('create被执行了') re = models.User.objects.create(**self.validated_data) # 需将创建的对象返回给试图函数，返回给前台 return re # 为put提供更新Model类对象的功能 def update(self, instance, validated_data): # 更新query_list # instance.update(**validated_data) # query_obj for k, v in validated_data.items(): setattr(instance, k, validated_data.get(k)) instance.save() # instance.name = validated_data.get('name') # instance.pwd = validated_data.get('pwd') # instance.sex = validated_data.get('sex') # instance.save() print(instance.name) return instance
补充：
from rest_framework import serializers from .api1.api1_serializer import UserSerializer from .api1 import models from rest_framework.serializers import BaseSerializer # class UserSerializer(serializers.Serializer): # def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # users = models.User.objects.all() # userser = UserSerializer(users, many=True) # self.back_dic['result'] = userser.data # 找Serializer的初始化类，需要哪些参数 # serializer没有init，找父类BaseSerializer，三个参数：instance、data、**kwargs # 先走父类BaseSerializer中的__new__方法: # __new__中如果many=True,走many_init方法， 否则调父类的__new__ # instance:系列化参数,接收的是对象如:instance = user_query # data:反系列参数，接收的是字典如：data = request.data # 反系列参数，BaseSerializer类中默认等于empty(空，empty是rest_framework中的一个数据类型)， # 如果data!=empty,就将data给self.inital_data # 如果有data=empty,说明不反系列，将partial[允许局部操作]、ontcext[视图给系列化类传参] pop掉 # kwargs: # many 控制了操作多条或者单条 # __new__中：如果many=True,走many_init方法[最终是走了ListSerializer的listserializer] # 否则调父类的__new__，返回了instance【将*args、**kwargs给了instance】 # .data返回一个ReturnDict数据 # 如果没有传递' data= '参数，则: # .is_valid()——不可用。 # # .initial_data -不可用。 # # .validated_data -不可用。 # # .错误-不可用。 # . data -可用。 ''' class Serializer(BaseSerializer, metaclass=SerializerMetaclass): @property def data(self): ret = super().data return ReturnDict(ret, serializer=self) class BaseSerializer(Field): def __init__(self, instance=None, data=empty, **kwargs): self.instance = instance if data is not empty: # 如果data!=empty,就将data给self.inital_data， self.initial_data = data self.partial = kwargs.pop('partial', False) self._context = kwargs.pop('ontcext', {}) kwargs.pop('many', None) super().__init__(**kwargs) def __new__(cls, *args, *kwargs): # We override this method in order to automagically create # `ListSerializer` classes instead when `many=True` is set. if kwargs.pop('many', False): # 如果many=True,走many_init方法， 否则调父类的__new__ return cls.many_init(*args, **kwargs) return super().__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs) '''