DRDS分库分表学习-如何高效扫描 DRDS 数据

DRDS 支持高效的数据扫描方式,并支持在全表扫描时使用聚合函数进行统计汇总。

常见的扫描场景如下:

  • 没有分库分表: DRDS 会把原 SQL 传递到后端 MySQL 执行。这种情况下 DRDS 支持任何聚合函数。

  • 非全表扫描:SQL 经过 DRDS 路由后,发送到单个 MySQL 库上执行。比如说拆分键在 WHERE 中是等于关系时,就会出现非全表扫描。此时同样可以支持任何聚合函数。

  • 全表扫描:目前支持的聚合函数有 COUNT、MAX、MIN、SUM。另外在全表扫描时同样支持 LIKE、ORDER BY 、LIMIT 以及 GROUP BY 语法。

  • 并行的全表扫描:如果需要从所有库导出数据,可以通过 SHOW 指令查看表拓扑结构,针对分表并行处理。详见下文。

执行 SHOW TOPOLOGY FROM TABLE_NAME 指令获取表拓扑结构。

mysql:> SHOW TOPOLOGY FROM DRDS_USERS;
+------+-------------------+--------------+
| ID   | GROUP_NAME        | TABLE_NAME   |
+------+-------------------+--------------+
|    0 | DRDS_00_RDS       | drds_users   |
|    1 | DRDS_01_RDS       | drds_users   |
+------+-------------------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.06 sec)
  1. 非分库分表的表默认存储在第0个分库。

  2. 针对 TOPOLOGY 进行单表遍历。  

    • 第0个分库运行当前 SQL
    /!TDDL:node='DRDS_00_RDS'*/ SELECT * FROM DRDS_USERS;
    • 第1个分库运行当前 SQL
    /!TDDL:node='DRDS_01_RDS'*/ SELECT * FROM DRDS_USERS;

注意:推荐每次扫描前执行 SHOW TOPOLOGY FROM TABLE_NAME 获取最新的表拓扑结构。

若为分表,则 SQL 中的表名为分表名。

比如:

DRDS>SHOW TOPOLOGY FROM c_schedule
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| ID           | GROUP_NAME                                    | TABLE_NAME           |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
|            0 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0000 | c_schedule      |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
返回行数: 1 耗时: 6.00 ms.
DRDS>SHOW TOPOLOGY FROM cs_fb
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| ID           | GROUP_NAME                                    | TABLE_NAME           |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
|            0 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0000 | cs_fb_ojR3_00        |
|            1 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0000 | cs_fb_ojR3_01        |
|            2 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0000 | cs_fb_ojR3_02        |
|            3 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0001 | cs_fb_ojR3_03        |
|            4 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0001 | cs_fb_ojR3_04        |
|            5 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0001 | cs_fb_ojR3_05        |
|            6 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0002 | cs_fb_ojR3_06        |
|            7 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0002 | cs_fb_ojR3_07        |
|            8 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0002 | cs_fb_ojR3_08        |
|            9 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0003 | cs_fb_ojR3_09        |
|           10 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0003 | cs_fb_ojR3_10        |
|           11 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0003 | cs_fb_ojR3_11        |
|           12 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0004 | cs_fb_ojR3_12        |
|           13 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0004 | cs_fb_ojR3_13        |
|           14 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0004 | cs_fb_ojR3_14        |
|           15 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0005 | cs_fb_ojR3_15        |
|           16 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0005 | cs_fb_ojR3_16        |
|           17 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0005 | cs_fb_ojR3_17        |
|           18 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0006 | cs_fb_ojR3_18        |
|           19 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0006 | cs_fb_ojR3_19        |
|           20 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0006 | cs_fb_ojR3_20        |
|           21 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0007 | cs_fb_ojR3_21        |
|           22 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0007 | cs_fb_ojR3_22        |
|           23 | ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0007 | cs_fb_ojR3_23        |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
返回行数: 24 耗时: 18.00 ms.

查询:

/!TDDL:node='ONE_www_ZyiZ_1586333425057BUHJ_VA8S_0006'*/ SELECT * FROM cs_fb_ojR3_19 ;

计算表的方法:比如:

select (2020*12+3)%8

2020为年,年*12,加上月份3,再除以物理库8个。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/puzi0315/p/12667205.html