Guava源码分析——Immutable Collections(4)

Immutable的集合体系,还有中很重要的集合没有介绍,就是ImmutableMap,通过UML图,可以看出ImmutableMap的结构体系。

首先来看一下ImmutableBiMap,因为普通ImmutableMap的实现依赖于它。ImmutableBiMap在ImmutableMap的基础上,加入inverse()等方法,可以使键值反转。ImmutableBiMap的构造,也是根据元素个数的不同,使用不同的实现(0-->EmptyImmutablBiMap,1-->SingletonImmutablBiMap,n(n>=2)-->RegularImmubtalMap),代码如下所示:

public abstract class ImmutableBiMap<K, V> extends ImmutableMap<K, V> implements BiMap<K, V> {

   public static <K, V> ImmutableBiMap<K, V> of() {
        //Empty元素内部,不维护存储结构,inverse()方法直接返回this
        return (ImmutableBiMap<K, V>) EmptyImmutableBiMap.INSTANCE;
    }

    public static <K, V> ImmutableBiMap<K, V> of(K k1, V v1) {
        //单个元素构造时,返回此类,内部维护两个元素K,V,inverse()时,返回V,K的SingletonImmutableBiMap
        return new SingletonImmutableBiMap<K, V>(k1, v1);
    }
    
    public static <K, V> ImmutableBiMap<K, V> of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2) {
        //多个元素构造是,返回此类,内部维护两个Entry[]集合,一个以key作为hashbucket的位置,
     //另一个以value作为hashbucket的位置,用于inverse()的时候,key-value的反转
return new RegularImmutableBiMap<K, V>(entryOf(k1, v1), entryOf(k2, v2)); } }

copyOf()方法,在ImmutableCollections中实现的原则就是,如果copyOf()的还是一份ImmutableCollections集合,那么只是进行引用的赋值,因为集合本身不可变。

看过ImmutableBiMap之后,在回头看ImmutableMap就简单了很多,只是在ImmutableBiMap基础上去除了inverse()方法,并在内部为户单一数组(hashbucket)

不需要维护反转的数组。在无元素和单一元素构造的时候,直接调用ImmutableBiMap.of()和ImmutableBiMap.of(K,V)方法,代码如下所示:

public abstract class ImmutableMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V>, Serializable {

  /**
   * Returns the empty map. This map behaves and performs comparably to
   * {@link Collections#emptyMap}, and is preferable mainly for consistency
   * and maintainability of your code.
   */
  public static <K, V> ImmutableMap<K, V> of() {
    return ImmutableBiMap.of();
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable map containing a single entry. This map behaves and
   * performs comparably to {@link Collections#singletonMap} but will not accept
   * a null key or value. It is preferable mainly for consistency and
   * maintainability of your code.
   */
  public static <K, V> ImmutableMap<K, V> of(K k1, V v1) {
    return ImmutableBiMap.of(k1, v1);
  }
}

多个元素构造的时候,返回RegularImmubtalMap,与RegularImmutableBiMap内部实现大同小异,去除对反转(值-键)的数组维护,去除inverse()等方法。

最后简单的阐述一下ImmutableSortedMap的实现,ImmutableMap单一元素和空元素的实现,就不详细说了,有兴趣的读者可以自己看看。多元素实现的时候,

ImmutableSortedMap的具体实现类是RegularImmutableSortedMap,有意思的是,它的内部维护key和value的数据结构是两个List,那么可想而知,排序早在构造的时候就已经完成了,而事实确实是这样,具体代码如下所示:

 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 public static <K extends Comparable<? super K>, V> ImmutableSortedMap<K, V> of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4) {
       //将排序器和entires传入fromEntries方法
       return fromEntries(Ordering.natural(), false, 4, entryOf(k1, v1), entryOf(k2, v2),
                entryOf(k3, v3), entryOf(k4, v4));
 }
  static <K, V> ImmutableSortedMap<K, V> fromEntries(
        Comparator<? super K> comparator, boolean sameComparator, int size, Entry<K, V>... entries) {
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            Entry<K, V> entry = entries[i];
            entries[i] = entryOf(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
        }
        if (!sameComparator) {
            sortEntries(comparator, size, entries);//遍历entries排序
            validateEntries(size, entries, comparator);
        }

        return fromSortedEntries(comparator, size, entries);
    }
static <K, V> ImmutableSortedMap<K, V> fromSortedEntries( Comparator<? super K> comparator,int size,Entry<K, V>[] entries) {
        if (size == 0) {
            return emptyMap(comparator);
        }
        //遍历排序之后的entries,分开key和value,分别组成各自的List
        ImmutableList.Builder<K> keyBuilder = ImmutableList.builder();
        ImmutableList.Builder<V> valueBuilder = ImmutableList.builder();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            Entry<K, V> entry = entries[i];
            keyBuilder.add(entry.getKey());
            valueBuilder.add(entry.getValue());
        }

        return new RegularImmutableSortedMap<K, V>(
                new RegularImmutableSortedSet<K>(keyBuilder.build(), comparator),
                valueBuilder.build());
}

 ImmutableMap中的Entry,也是被Guava重新实现,增加了bucket的计算逻辑,如下图UML:

AbstractMapEntry在原有Map.entry基础上,将写操作,置为直接抛异常,ImmutableEntry实现getKey()和getValue(),ImmutableMapEntry再加入bucket的计算和维护方法(链表),最终反映到NonTerminalMapEntry和TerminalEntry,对于这两个类,TerminalEntry为bucket链表的尾结点,所以实现如下:

static final class TerminalEntry<K, V> extends ImmutableMapEntry<K, V> {
        TerminalEntry(ImmutableMapEntry<K, V> contents) {
            super(contents);
        }

        TerminalEntry(K key, V value) {
            super(key, value);
        }

        @Override
        @Nullable
        ImmutableMapEntry<K, V> getNextInKeyBucket() {
            //尾节点,所以没有nuext
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        @Nullable
        ImmutableMapEntry<K, V> getNextInValueBucket() {
            //尾节点,所以没有nuext
            return null;
        }
    }

而NonTerminalMapEntry的构造则需要传入下一个Entry

private static final class NonTerminalMapEntry<K, V> extends ImmutableMapEntry<K, V> {
    private final ImmutableMapEntry<K, V> nextInKeyBucket;

    NonTerminalMapEntry(K key, V value, ImmutableMapEntry<K, V> nextInKeyBucket) {
      super(key, value);
      this.nextInKeyBucket = nextInKeyBucket;
    }

    NonTerminalMapEntry(ImmutableMapEntry<K, V> contents, ImmutableMapEntry<K, V> nextInKeyBucket) {
      super(contents);
      this.nextInKeyBucket = nextInKeyBucket;
    }

    @Override
    ImmutableMapEntry<K, V> getNextInKeyBucket() {
      //同一个bucket中的下一个Entry
      return nextInKeyBucket;
    }

    @Override
    @Nullable
    ImmutableMapEntry<K, V> getNextInValueBucket() {
      //BiMap才会维护Value的Bucket
      return null;
    }
  }

那么在构造的时候,如果产生hash冲突,就是用nonTerminalMapEntry,代码如下所示:

RegularImmutableMap(Entry<?, ?>[] theEntries) {
    int size = theEntries.length;
    entries = createEntryArray(size);
    int tableSize = Hashing.closedTableSize(size, MAX_LOAD_FACTOR);
    table = createEntryArray(tableSize);
    mask = tableSize - 1;
    for (int entryIndex = 0; entryIndex < size; entryIndex++) {
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // all our callers carefully put in only Entry<K, V>s
      Entry<K, V> entry = (Entry<K, V>) theEntries[entryIndex];
      K key = entry.getKey();
      V value = entry.getValue();
      checkEntryNotNull(key, value);
      int tableIndex = Hashing.smear(key.hashCode()) & mask;
      @Nullable ImmutableMapEntry<K, V> existing = table[tableIndex];
      // prepend, not append, so the entries can be immutable
      //在构造是,如果产生hash冲突,那么直接的append到terminal的前面
      ImmutableMapEntry<K, V> newEntry = (existing == null)
          ? new TerminalEntry<K, V>(key, value)
          : new NonTerminalMapEntry<K, V>(key, value, existing);
      table[tableIndex] = newEntry;
      entries[entryIndex] = newEntry;
      checkNoConflictInBucket(key, newEntry, existing);
    }
  }
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/pona/p/4564256.html