准备工作
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1. 加载光驱
将iso镜像文件放入光驱中
# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
2. 安装createrepo软件包
# cd /mnt/Packages/ rpm -ivh deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.9-17.el6.noarch.rpm
3. 从光驱cp软件包安装到系统
mkdir /app/myyum
cp -r /mnt/Packages/ /app/myyum/
配置yum
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4. 生成依赖关系
createrepo -g /mnt/repodata/cda5429be6f36ce1348e8f897f4fc96aa00d5727c75e9e5a0b5dc40d22a51116-comps-rhel6-Server.xml /app/myyum/Packages/
5. 编辑 yum 仓库配置文件
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ cp rhel-source.repo rhel-source.repo.bak vi rhel-source.repo [myyum] name=Red Hat Yum baseurl=file:///app/myyum/Packages/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release [rhel-source-beta] name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever Beta - $basearch - Source baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/beta/$releasever/en/os/SRPMS/ enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta,file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
6. 测试配置是否正常
yum grouplist Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Setting up Group Process myyum | 3.8 kB 00:00 ... myyum/primary_db | 2.9 MB 00:00 ... myyum/group_gz
至此，yum安装成功。
7. yum 安装软件
使用rpm 安装时，可以看到需要依赖书当然软件包
rpm -ivh openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies: krb5-devel is needed by openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64
使用 yum 安装
yum install openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64.rpm -y
-y 表示在询问是否需要安装相关依赖包时，自动回应为 yes
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Setting up Install Process Examining openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64.rpm: openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64 Marking openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package openssl-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.0-27.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: krb5-devel for package: openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.10.3-10.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libselinux-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.10.3-10.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libcom_err-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.10.3-10.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: keyutils-libs-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.10.3-10.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.4-4.el6 will be installed ---> Package libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.41.12-14.el6 will be installed ---> Package libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.0.94-5.3.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libsepol-devel >= 2.0.32-1 for package: libselinux-devel-2.0.94-5.3.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: pkgconfig(libsepol) for package: libselinux-devel-2.0.94-5.3.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.0.41-4.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================================================================================== Installing: openssl-devel x86_64 1.0.0-27.el6 /openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64 2.1 M Installing for dependencies: keyutils-libs-devel x86_64 1.4-4.el6 myyum 28 k krb5-devel x86_64 1.10.3-10.el6 myyum 493 k libcom_err-devel x86_64 1.41.12-14.el6 myyum 31 k libselinux-devel x86_64 2.0.94-5.3.el6 myyum 136 k libsepol-devel x86_64 2.0.41-4.el6 myyum 64 k Transaction Summary =============================================================================================================================================== Install 6 Package(s) Total size: 2.8 M Total download size: 753 k Installed size: 4.7 M Downloading Packages: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 6.4 MB/s | 753 kB 00:00 warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release Importing GPG key 0xFD431D51: Userid : Red Hat, Inc. (release key 2) <security@redhat.com> Package: redhat-release-server-6Server-6.4.0.4.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201301301459.x86_64/6.4) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release Importing GPG key 0x2FA658E0: Userid : Red Hat, Inc. (auxiliary key) <security@redhat.com> Package: redhat-release-server-6Server-6.4.0.4.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201301301459.x86_64/6.4) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : libcom_err-devel-1.41.12-14.el6.x86_64 1/6 Installing : keyutils-libs-devel-1.4-4.el6.x86_64 2/6 Installing : libsepol-devel-2.0.41-4.el6.x86_64 3/6 Installing : libselinux-devel-2.0.94-5.3.el6.x86_64 4/6 Installing : krb5-devel-1.10.3-10.el6.x86_64 5/6 Installing : openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64 6/6 Verifying : krb5-devel-1.10.3-10.el6.x86_64 1/6 Verifying : libsepol-devel-2.0.41-4.el6.x86_64 2/6 Verifying : keyutils-libs-devel-1.4-4.el6.x86_64 3/6 Verifying : openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64 4/6 Verifying : libselinux-devel-2.0.94-5.3.el6.x86_64 5/6 Verifying : libcom_err-devel-1.41.12-14.el6.x86_64 6/6 Installed: openssl-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.0-27.el6 Dependency Installed: keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.4-4.el6 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.10.3-10.el6 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.41.12-14.el6 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.0.94-5.3.el6 libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.0.41-4.el6 Complete!
从上面的信息可以看到，yum自动安装了五个依赖包，如果使用 rpm 的话，就需要通过报错一个个地安装这五个文件。