Vim教程

背景信息

Vim是从vi发展而来的文本编辑器,可以用颜色或底线等方式来显示一些特殊的信息。Vim是Linux中必不可少的工具,搭建网站修改配置文件时经常用到。本教程介绍Vim的模式和常用操作。

Vim的各个模式介绍如下表所示:

Vim的常用操作包括以下三种:

  • 插入
  • 替换
  • 删除

插入

基本命令

  • i:在当前字符的左边插入。
  • I:在当前行的行首插入 。
  • a:在当前字符的右边插入。
  • A:在当前行的行尾插入。
  • o:在当前行下面插入一个新行。
  • O:在当前行上面插入一个新行。

示例

本示例中使用的example.conf文件,如下所示:

# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
Include conf.modules.d/*.conf			

例1:在配置文件example.conf的第一行,插入Location。步骤如下:

  1. 运行vim example.conf命令打开文件,进入普通模式。

  2. i进入插入模式。

  3. 输入Location

  4. 按回车键换行。

  5. Esc键退出插入模式。

  6. :wq保存文件并退出。

    插入完成后,example.conf文件如下所示:

    Location
    # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
    # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
    # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
    # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
    # to be loaded here.
    #
    # Example:
    # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
    #
    Include conf.modules.d/*.conf			
    

例2:在配置文件example.conf第十行的行首,插入#。步骤如下:

  1. 运行vim example.conf命令打开文件,进入普通模式。

  2. :10将光标定位到第10行。

  3. I进入插入模式。

  4. 输入#

  5. Esc键退出插入模式。

  6. :wq保存文件并退出。

    插入操作完成后,example.conf文件如下所示:

    # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
    # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
    # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
    # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
    # to be loaded here.
    #
    # Example:
    # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
    #
    #Include conf.modules.d/*.conf		
    

例3:在配置文件example.conf中,在Include conf.modules.d/*.conf行的下一行插入LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so。步骤如下:

  1. 运行vim example.conf命令打开文件,进入普通模式。

  2. 运行/Include conf.modules.d/*.conf找到目标行。

  3. o进入插入模式。

  4. 输入LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

  5. Esc键退出插入模式。

  6. :wq保存文件并退出。

    插入完成后,example.conf文件如下所示:

    # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
    # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
    # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
    # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
    # to be loaded here.
    #
    # Example:
    # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
    #
    Include conf.modules.d/*.conf
    LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so							
    

替换

基本命令

R:替换光标高亮的字符,直至按下Esc键退出替换模式。

示例

本示例使用的example.conf文件,如下所示:

# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
#   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
#
AllowOverride None				

例:将配置文件example.conf中的AllowOverride None更改为AllowOverride All

  1. 运行vim example.conf命令打开文件,进入普通模式。

  2. 运行/AllowOverride None找到目标。

  3. 移动光标至None的首字母。

  4. R进入替换模式。

  5. 输入All和一个空格。

    说明: None中共包含4个字符,而All只包含3个字符,因此输入All之后,需再输入一个空格。

  6. Esc键退出替换模式。

  7. :wq保存文件并退出。

    更改后的example.conf文件,如下所示:

    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    #
    AllowOverride All							
    

删除

基本命令

  • x:删除光标高亮的那一个字符。
  • nx(n为数字): 删除光标高亮的字符及其后面的n-1个字符。
  • dd:删除光标所在的那一行。
  • ndd(n为数字):删除光标所在行及其下面的n-1行。

示例

本示例中使用的example.conf文件如下所示:

# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80				

例1:在配置文件example.conf中,将#Listen 12.34.56.78:80行首的#删除。步骤如下:

  1. 运行vim example.conf命令打开文件,进入普通模式。

  2. 运行/#Listen 12.34.56.78:80找到目标,光标此时定位在#字符上。

  3. x删除#

  4. :wq保存文件并退出。

    删除完成后,example.conf文件如下所示:

    # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
    # ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
    # directive.
    #
    # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
    # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
    #
    Listen 12.34.56.78:80  
    Listen 80						
    

例2:在配置文件example.conf中,将#Listen 12.34.56.78:80行和下一行的内容删掉。步骤如下:

  1. 运行vim example.conf命令打开文件,进入普通模式。

  2. 运行/#Listen 12.34.56.78:80找到目标。

  3. 2dd删除以下内容。

    #Listen 12.34.56.78:80
    Listen 80
    
  4. :wq保存文件并退出。

    删除完成后,example.conf文件如下所示:

    # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
    # ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
    # directive.
    #
    # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
    # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
    #						
    
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/pengpengboshi/p/13256890.html