1.1 基本句型及补语

五种单句的基本句型

1. S+V 主语+动词
2. S+V+O 主语+动词+宾语
3. S+V+C 主语+动词+补语
4. S+V+O+O 主语+动词+宾语+宾语
5. S+V+O+C 主语+动词+宾语+补语

S主语 Subject 美 [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt , səbˈdʒekt]
V动词 Verb 谓语动词
O宾语 Object 美 [ˈɑːbdʒekt , əbˈdʒekt]
C补语 Complement 美 [ˈkɑːmplɪment , ˈkɑːmplɪmənt]

插入个表语的概念---
P表语 P是predicative （主语补语包含表语）
表语，现代英语中已经不用表语这个概念了。因为表语属于主语补语，表语前面用系动词，主语补语前面除了系动词之外，还可以是不及物动词。
举例来说，在句子He is a teacher中，a teacher 既是表语也是主语补语。
但是在句子He fell down injured中，injured是主语补语，但不是表语，因为fell down不是系动词。

从动词角度看5个基本句型

4种动词
系动词：五感 五变 三保持 一是 一像 https://www.cnblogs.com/pengchenggang/p/15420695.html
不及物动词：后面不接宾语的动词。
及物动词（单宾动词）：后面接一个宾语
及物动词（双宾动词）：后面接两个宾语

SVC （这里补语指向主语，不是指向动词）
系动词 后面接的是 补语（主语补语#主补、表语）可以是名词 或 形容词 - 表语特指 主语补语前面是系动词的情况。
动词（现在还不清楚及补及物的问题） 后面也能接 补语（主语补语#主补，不是表语） 应该也是可以是名词 或 形容词。例句：He fell down injured.

SV
不及物动词（do）：后面不接宾语

SVO
单宾动词（do）：后面接一个宾语

SVOO
双宾动词（do）：后面接两个宾语

SVOC
单宾动词（do）：后面接一个宾语，再一个补语描述这个宾语（宾补）

补语（主补、宾补）和宾语

补语（主补、宾补）可以是名词或形容词
宾语是名词
区分是 宾语还是补语看这个词是指向主语还是谓语，指向主语的是补语，指向谓语的是宾语。
宾补的区分是，宾语和补语中间加个be，是否是SVC，或者说是主系表结构。

没有补语的Be

be后面有补语，就起到连系的作用，本身没有含义。当没有补语的时候，含义是“存在”。
To be or not to be,that is the question.

书中例句

John Smith died in World War Two. John Smith killed three enemy soldiers.

主语补语的例句

John Smith was a soldier. John Smith was courageous. 美: [kəˈreɪdʒəs] adj. 勇敢的 Taroko Gorge is beautiful. That dress looks pretty. The dog seems friendly. His demands appear reasonable. His trip sounds exciting. I feel sick. The drug tastes bitter. The story proved false. He became a teacher. A nurse makes a good wife.

宾语补语的例句

I find the dress pretty. The meat made the dog friendly. They consider his demands reasonable. He found the trip exciting. The food made me sick. I don't find the drug bitter. I consider the story false. His college training made him a teacher. Most people consider a nurse a good wife.

两个宾语的例句

John's father gave him a dog. John's father called him a dog.

Test 练习句

1. The magician moved his fingers quickly. 2. The police found the letter missing. 3. The police found the missing letter. 4. He ordered himself a steak and a bottle of red wine. 5. Don't you like dancing? 6. The President has gone abroad on a visit. 7. That sounds like a good idea. 8. The box feels heavy. 11. The child asks her mother a million questions a day 12. Monkeys love bananas. You can leave the door open

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