Djiango django auth组件 form组件

一、auth组件默认auth_user表常用操作

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# 1、创建普通用户
User.objects.create_user(username='Owen', password='123')

# 2、创建超级用户
User.objects.create_superuser(username='root', password='root', email='root@root.com')  # 此方法django内部源码未给email传入默认参数,因此此处需要手动传值才能创建

# 3、获取第一个用户
user = User.objects.first()   

# 4、修改密码
user.set_password('000')
user.save()    # 修改时一定要记得保存

# 5、校验密码
res = user.check_password('000')

二、auth组件常用功能

# 1、校验用户账号及密码,校验成功返回user对象
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
user = authenticate(username=usr, password=pwd)

# 2、注册用户到request对象中,注册成功可以request.user访问当前登录用户(会形成session记录)
from django.contrib.auth import login
login(request, user)  # 注册authenticate成功(当前登录)的用户

# 3、注销当前注册的user (用户注销)
from django.contrib.auth import logout
logout(request)

# 4、校验用户登录状态
# 视图函数中使用
if request.user.is_authenticated(): pass
# 模板语言中使用
{% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
{% else %}
{% endif %}

# 5、校验登录状态的装饰器
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
@login_required(login_url='/user_login/')
def user_home(request):
    return render(request, 'user.html', locals())

三、扩展auth_user表 -- 替换为app_user表

# app/models.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class User(AbstractUser):
    # 增加自定义字段
    info = models.TextField(null=True)
    
# settings.py配置
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'app.User'

四、Form完成表单校验 (自定义错误信息)

1. 校验的字段属性名要与校验的表单form的表单元素name值进行匹配
2. 校验字段的参数required,默认为True(也与自定义True),代表数据必须传入该校验值,如果设置为False,校验数据中可以不包含该校验值
3. error_messages自定义校验规则的校验失败的(中)错误信息


from django import forms
class CheckForm(forms.Form):
    usr = forms.CharField(min_length=3, max_length=10)
    pwd = forms.CharField(
        min_length=3,
        max_length=10,
        error_messages={
            "min_length": "最少3",  # 某个校验规则对应的 中文提示 错误信息
            "max_length": "最多10",
            'required': "必填项"  # 除了自定义校验规则,还可以明确默认校验规则的 中文提示 错误信息
        }
    )

def register(request):
    check_form = CheckForm(request.POST)
    if check_form.is_valid():
            print("校验成功")
            print(check_form.cleaned_data)
        else:
            print("校验失败")
            print(check_form.cleaned_data)  # 部分成功的数据
            # from django.forms.utils import ErrorDict
            print(check_form.errors)  # 部分失败的信息

五、局部钩子:

  在系统提供的校验结束后,在对具体的字段进行自定义二次校验

class CheckForm(forms.Form):
    usr = forms.CharField(...)
    # ...
    # 局部钩子
    def clean_usr(self):
        cleaned_usr = self.cleaned_data.get('usr', None)
        # 自定义校验规则
        import re
        if re.match('^[0-9]', cleaned_usr):  # 通过正则匹配不能以数字开头
            from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
            raise ValidationError('不能以数字开头')  # 抛ValidationError信息就会被添加到self.errors中
        return cleaned_usr

六、全局钩子

  在系统提供的校验结束后,在对所有的字段进行自定义二次校验

class CheckForm(forms.Form):
    # ...
    # 全局钩子
    def clean(self):
        cleaned_pwd = self.cleaned_data.get('pwd', None)
        cleaned_re_pwd = self.cleaned_data.get('re_pwd', None)
        if cleaned_pwd != cleaned_re_pwd:
            from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
            raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')  # 抛ValidationError信息就会被添加到self.errors中
        return self.cleaned_data

七、模板渲染

class CheckForm2(forms.Form):
    # 校验需求:账号必须不能以数字开头
    usr = forms.CharField(min_length=3, max_length=10, label="账号:",
                          error_messages={
                              'required': "必填项",
                              'min_length': "最少3",
                              'max_length': "最多10"
                          })
    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=3, max_length=10, label="密码:",
                          error_messages={
                              'required': "必填项",
                              'min_length': "最少3",
                              'max_length': "最多10"
                          },
                          widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={
                              'class': 'pwd',
                              'placeholder': '请输入密码'
                          })
                          )
    re_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=3, max_length=10, label="确认:",
                             error_messages={
                                 'required': "必填项",
                                 'min_length': "最少3",
                                 'max_length': "最多10"
                             },
                             widget=forms.PasswordInput)
    email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱:",
                             error_messages={
                                 'invalid': "格式不正确",
                                 'required': "必填项"
                             }
                             )

    # 局部钩子:对usr进行局部钩子的校验,该方法会在usr属性校验通过后,系统调用该方法继续校验
    def clean_usr(self):
        cleaned_usr = self.cleaned_data.get('usr', None)  # type: str
        # 通过正则匹配不能以数字开头
        import re
        if re.match('^[0-9]', cleaned_usr):
            from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
            raise ValidationError('不能以数字开头')
        return cleaned_usr

    # 全局钩子:代表校验类中的所有属性校验通过后,系统调用该方法继续校验
    def clean(self):
        cleaned_pwd = self.cleaned_data.get('pwd', None)
        cleaned_re_pwd = self.cleaned_data.get('re_pwd', None)
        if cleaned_pwd != cleaned_re_pwd:
            from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
            raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')
        return self.cleaned_data


def register2(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        check_form2 = CheckForm2()
    if request.method == "POST":
        check_form2 = CheckForm2(request.POST)
        if check_form2.is_valid():
            return HttpResponse('注册成功')
        else:
            print(check_form2.errors.as_data)
            all_error = check_form2.errors.get('__all__')
    return render(request, 'register2.html', locals())
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% for ele in check_form2 %}
        <p>
            <label for="">{{ ele.label }}</label>
            {{ ele }}
            <span style="color: red;">{{ ele.errors.0 }}</span>
            {% if ele == check_form2.re_pwd %}
                <span style="color: red;">{{ all_error.0 }}</span>
            {% endif %}
        </p>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/peng-zhao/p/10526332.html