vue中:key 和react 中key={} 的作用,以及ref的特性?

vue中:key 和react 中key={}

为了给 vue 或者react 一个提示,以便它能跟踪每个节点的身份,从而重用和重新排序现有元素,你需要为每项提供一个唯一 key 属性
一句话概括就是key的作用主要是为了高效的更新虚拟DOM

ref的特性

React的ref有3种用法:

  • 字符串(已废弃)
  • 回调函数
  • React.createRef() (React16.3提供)

1. 字符串

最早的ref用法。
1.dom节点上使用,通过this.refs[refName]来引用真实的dom节点
//this.refs['inputRef']来访问
2.类组件上使用,通过this.refs[refName]来引用组件的实例
//this.refs['comRef']来访问

2. 回调函数

回调函数就是在dom节点或组件上挂载函数,函数的入参是dom节点或组件实例,达到的效果与字符串形式是一样的,
都是获取其引用。
回调函数的触发时机:

  1. 组件渲染后,即componentDidMount后
  2. 组件卸载后,即componentWillMount后,此时,入参为null
  3. ref改变后
    1.dom节点上使用回调函数
    <input ref={(input) => {this.textInput = input;}} type="text" />
    2.类组件上使用
    <CustomInput ref={(input) => {this.textInput = input;}} />
    3.可用通过props跨级传递的方式来获取子孙级dom节点或组件实例

3.React.createRefclass Child extends React.Component{

constructor(props){
    super(props);
    this.myRef=React.createRef();
}
componentDidMount(){
    console.log(this.myRef.current);
}
render(){
    return <input ref={this.myRef}/>
}

}
4.React.forwardRef
同样是React 16.3版本后提供的,可以用来创建子组件,以传递ref。
//子组件(通过forwardRef方法创建)
const Child=React.forwardRef((props,ref)=>(

));
//父组件
class Father extends React.Component{
constructor(props){
super(props);
this.myRef=React.createRef();
}
componentDidMount(){
console.log(this.myRef.current);
}
render(){
return
}
}

//生成高阶组件
const logProps=logProps(Child);

//调用高阶组件
class Father extends React.Component{
constructor(props){
super(props);
this.myRef=React.createRef();
}
componentDidMount(){
console.log(this.myRef.current);
}
render(){
return
}
}

//HOC
function logProps(Component) {
class LogProps extends React.Component {
componentDidUpdate(prevProps) {
console.log('old props:', prevProps);
console.log('new props:', this.props);
}

render() {
  const {forwardedRef, ...rest} = this.props;

  // Assign the custom prop "forwardedRef" as a ref
  return <Component ref={forwardedRef} {...rest} />;
}

}

// Note the second param "ref" provided by React.forwardRef.
// We can pass it along to LogProps as a regular prop, e.g. "forwardedRef"
// And it can then be attached to the Component.
return React.forwardRef((props, ref) => {
return <LogProps {...props} forwardedRef={ref} />;
});
}

//生成高阶组件
const logProps=logProps(Child);

//调用高阶组件
class Father extends React.Component{
constructor(props){
super(props);
this.myRef=React.createRef();
}
componentDidMount(){
console.log(this.myRef.current);
}
render(){
return
}
}

//HOC
function logProps(Component) {
class LogProps extends React.Component {
componentDidUpdate(prevProps) {
console.log('old props:', prevProps);
console.log('new props:', this.props);
}

render() {
  const {forwardedRef, ...rest} = this.props;

  // Assign the custom prop "forwardedRef" as a ref
  return <Component ref={forwardedRef} {...rest} />;
}

}

// Note the second param "ref" provided by React.forwardRef.
// We can pass it along to LogProps as a regular prop, e.g. "forwardedRef"
// And it can then be attached to the Component.
return React.forwardRef((props, ref) => {
return <LogProps {...props} forwardedRef={ref} />;
});
}

整理的有点乱,详细参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/liangklfang/article/details/72858295
https://blog.csdn.net/liwusen/article/details/80009968

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/panax/p/10561765.html