mySQL相关知识

创建表
#品牌表
create table pinpai(
ids int auto_increment primary key, #主键自增长列
name varchar(50) #品牌名称
);
#商品表
create table shangpin(
code int primary key, #商品代号
name varchar(50) not null, #商品名称
price float, #商品价格
pinpai int, #所属品牌
foreign key(pinpai) references pinpai(ids)
)


主键:primary key
非空:not null
自增长列:auto_increment
外键:foreign key

CRUD操作
添加数据:
insert into 表名 values('p007','李四',0,'n001','1988-2-3 14:20:30');

insert into info values('p007','李四',0,'n001','1988-2-3 14:20:30');

insert into info(Code,Name,Sex,Nation) values('p008','张三',0,'n001');

insert into work values(0,'p001','1989-2-3','1990-3-4','aa','aa',1);

1.如果该列类型为字符串,数据外层加单引号
2.如果该列类型为bool型,添加0或1
3.如果该列为日期时间类型,添加的格式'年-月-日 时:分:秒'
4.如果该列为整数或小数类型,数据外层不要加任何东西
5.表里面有几列,添加的数据就有几个。
6.SQL语句里面不区分大小写
7.自增长列给0

修改数据:
update 表名 set Name='王五' where 条件
update info set name='王五' where code='p005'

update info set name='张三',sex=1 where code='p005'

删除数据:
delete from 表名 where 条件
delete from info where code='p008'

查询数据:
查询所有数据
select * from 表名
select * from info
查询指定列
select code,name from info
查询某些行的数据(条件查询)
select * from info where nation='n001'


数据库设计的三大范式
第一范式:列的原子性
每一列是不可再拆分的
第二范式:表里面的每一列都应该与主键有关系
第三范式:表里面的每一列都应该与主键有直接关系
查询
简单查询:
1.查询所有数据
select * from info
2.查询指定列
select code,name from info
3.给列指定名称
select code as '代号',name as '姓名' from info
4.条件查询
select * from info where code='p001'
select * from info where code='p001' and nation='n001'
5.模糊查询
select * from car where name like '%奥迪%'
6.排序查询
select * from car order by price asc,oil desc
7.去重查询
select distinct brand from car
8.分页查询
select * from car limit 5,5
9.统计查询(聚合函数)
数据条数
select count(code) from car
取最大值
select max(price) from car
取最小值
select min(price) from car
取平均值
select avg(price) from car
10.分组查询
select brand,count(*) from car group by brand
select brand from car group by brand having count(*)>=3
11.范围查询
select * from car where price>=40 and price<=60
select * from car where price between 40 and 60
12.离散查询
select * from car where price in(10,20,30,40,50,60)
select * from car where price not in(10,20,30,40,50,60)

高级查询
1.联合查询

select code,name from info
union
select code,name from nation

2.连接查询
形成笛卡尔积
select * from info,nation where info.nation=nation.code
select info.code,info.name,sex,nation.name,birthday from info,nation where info.nation=nation.code

select info.code,info.name,sex,nation.name,birthday from info join nation on info.nation=nation.code

3.子查询=
子查询的结果作为父查询的条件使用

无关子查询
子查询和父查询没有关系,子查询单独拿出来可以执行
1.查找民族为“汉族”的所有人员信息
select * from info where nation =(select code from nation where name='汉族')
2.查询所有厂商是“一汽大众”的汽车信息
select * from car where brand in(select brand_code from brand where prod_code in(select prod_code from Productor where prod_name='一汽大众'))

相关子查询
查询油耗低于该系列平均油耗的汽车信息
select * from car where oil<(该系列平均油耗)
select avg(oil) from car where brand='该系列'

select * from car a where oil<(select avg(oil) from car b where b.brand=a.brand)

any 只要其中一个
all 所有
now 可以取到当前年份

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/palpitate/p/8183529.html