Python输入和输出

在很多时候，你会想要让你的程序与用户（可能是你自己）交互。你会从用户那里得到输入，然后打印一些结果。我们可以分别使用raw_input和print语句来完成这些功能。对于输出，你也可以使用多种多样的str（字符串）类。例如，你能够使用rjust方法来得到一个按一定宽度右对齐的字符串。利用help(str)获得更多详情。另一个常用的输入/输出类型是处理文件。创建、读和写文件的能力是许多程序所必需的，我们将会在这章探索如何实现这些功能。

1.使用文件

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: using_file.py
poem = '''
Programming is fun
When the work is done
if you wanna make your work also fun:
use Python!
'''
f = file('poem.txt', 'w') # open for 'w'riting
f.write(poem) # write text to file
f.close() # close the file
f = file('poem.txt')
# if no mode is specified, 'r'ead mode is assumed by default
while True:
        line = f.readline()
        if len(line) == 0: # Zero length indicates EOF
                break
        print line,
# Notice comma to avoid automatic newline added by Python
f.close() # close the file

运行结果

# ./using_file.py
Programming is fun
When the work is done
if you wanna make your work also fun:
use Python!

2.储存与取储存

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: pickling.py
import cPickle as p
#import pickle as p
shoplistfile = 'shoplist.data'
# the name of the file where we will store the object
shoplist = ['apple', 'mango', 'carrot']
# Write to the file
f = file(shoplistfile, 'w')
p.dump(shoplist, f) # dump the object to a file
f.close()
del shoplist # remove the shoplist
# Read back from the storage
f = file(shoplistfile)
storedlist = p.load(f)
print storedlist

运行结果

# ./pickling.py
['apple', 'mango', 'carrot']

为了在文件里储存一个对象，首先以写模式打开一个file对象，然后调用储存器模块的dump函数，把对象储存到打开的文件中。这个过程称为 储存 。接下来，我们使用pickle模块的load函数的返回来取回对象。这个过程称为 取储存 。