Scala--映射和元组

一、构造映射

  val scores = Map("Jim"->10, ("Tom",20), "Sam"->44) //key->value, (key,value)两种方式表示, 不可变映射，
  val s = scala.collection.mutable.Map("Jim"->10, ("Tom",20), "Sam"->44)//可变映射
  val s1 = new scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String, Int] //空的Map

  //scores.+=(("Lily"->10))  //不可变映射，map中不能新增元素
  s.+=(("Lily"->10))
  s1.+=(("Jim"->10))

  println(scores)
  println(s)
  println(s1)

结果：

Map(Jim -> 10, Tom -> 20, Sam -> 44)
Map(Jim -> 10, Tom -> 20, Lily -> 10, Sam -> 44)
Map(Jim -> 10)

对偶

"A"->1

("A",1)

二、获取映射中的值

  val scores = Map("Jim"->10, ("Tom",20), "Sam"->44)

  val score1 = scores("Lily")  //直接通过()获取里面的值
  val score2 = if(scores.contains("Lily")) scores("Lily") else 0 //判断是否存在，然后再取值
  val score3 = scores.getOrElse("Lily",0) //通过getOrElse方法实现，不存在给默认值

  println(score1)//没有值，会报异常
  println(score2)
  println(score3)

三、更新映射中的值

可变映射

  val scores = scala.collection.mutable.Map("Jim"->10, ("Tom",20), "Sam"->44)

  scores("Jim") = 11      //更新值
  scores("Fred") = 33     //新增值

  scores += ("Lily"->30, "Li"-> 27) //增加多个
  scores.+=(("Zhao"->44))
  scores -= "Jim"      //删除元素

  println(scores)

结果

Map(Li -> 27, Zhao -> 44, Fred -> 33, Tom -> 20, Lily -> 30, Sam -> 44)

不可变映射通过声明var变量来重新赋值，完成元素的增、删

  var scores = Map("Jim"->10, ("Tom",20), "Sam"->44)

  scores = scores +("Lily"-> 23)
  scores -= "Jim"

  println(scores)

结果

Map(Tom -> 20, Sam -> 44, Lily -> 23)

四、迭代映射

  var scores = Map("Jim"->10, ("Tom",20), "Sam"->44)

  for((k, v) <- scores) println (k+","+v)
  for(i<- scores.keySet) print(i+" ")
  println()
  for(i<- scores.values) print(i+" ")

结果

Jim,10
Tom,20
Sam,44
Jim Tom Sam 
10 20 44

五、已排序映射

  val sortedScores = scala.collection.immutable.SortedMap("Jim"->10, ("Tom",20), "Sam"->44)
  println(sortedScores)

结果

Map(Jim -> 10, Sam -> 44, Tom -> 20)

六、与Java的互操作

七、元组

  val tuple = (1, 3.14, "Hello")
  println(tuple._1)  //访问第一个元组，下标值不是0而是1
  val(first, second, _) = tuple //获取元组的元素
  println(second)

结果

1
3.14

八、拉链操作

把元组的多个值绑定在一起

  val symbols = Array("<","-",">")
  val counts = Array(2,10,2)
  val pairs = symbols.zip(counts)

  for((k,v)<- pairs) print(k * v)

结果

<<---------->>

keys.zip(values).toMap

通过拉链组合成映射

    val m = Map(("a",10),("b",18),("d",17))
    m.mapValues(_*0.9).foreach(println)

    val m = new scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int]()
    val in = new java.util.Scanner(new java.io.File("file/wordcount.txt"))
    while(in.hasNext){
      val key = in.next()
      m(key)=if (m.contains(key)) m(key)+1 else 1
    }

    var word = Map[String,Int]()
    val in = new java.util.Scanner(new java.io.File("file/wordcount.txt"))
    while(in.hasNext){
      val key = in.next()
      word = word + ((key, if (word.contains(key)) word(key)+1 else 1))
    }

    var sortedWords = scala.collection.immutable.SortedMap[String,Int]()
    val in = new java.util.Scanner(new java.io.File("file/wordcount.txt"))
    while(in.hasNext){
      val key = in.next()
      sortedWords = sortedWords + ((key, if (sortedWords.contains(key)) sortedWords(key)+1 else 1))
    }

    import scala.collection.JavaConversions.mapAsScalaMap
    var words:scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,Int] = new java.util.TreeMap[String,Int]()
    val in = new java.util.Scanner(new java.io.File("file/wordcount.txt"))
    while(in.hasNext){
      val key = in.next()
      words(key)=if(words.contains(key)) words(key)+1 else 1
    }

    val week = new mutable.LinkedHashMap[String,Int]()
    week("Monday")=java.util.Calendar.MONDAY
    week("Tuesday")=java.util.Calendar.TUESDAY
    week("Wednesday")=java.util.Calendar.WEDNESDAY

    for((k,v)<- week){
      println(k,v)
    }

    import scala.collection.JavaConversions.propertiesAsScalaMap
    val props:scala.collection.Map[String,String]=System.getProperties()
    val len = props.keys.maxBy(_.length).length()
    val format = "%-"+len+"s|%s
"
    for((k,v) <- props){
      printf(s"${format}",k,v)
    }

8. 匿名函数实现

    val minmax = (values:Array[Int])=>{ 
      (values.max,values.min)
    }

9.匿名函数实现

    val lteqgt = (values:Array[Int], v:Int)=>{
      var lt=0
      var eq=0
      var gt=0
      for(i<-values) if (i>v) gt+=1 else if(i==v) eq+=1 else lt+=1
      (lt,eq,gt)
    }

10.

Vector((H,W), (e,o), (l,r), (l,l), (o,d))

参考《快学Scala》