Java自定义注解(1)

Java注解简介

1. Java注解(Annotation)

   Java注解是附加在代码中的一些元信息,用于一些工具在编译、

   运行时进行解析和使用,起到说明、配置的功能。

   注解相关类都包含在java.lang.annotation包中。

 

2. Java注解分类

  2.1 JDK基本注解

  2.2 JDK元注解

  2.3 自定义注解

 

 

3. JDK基本注解

  3.1 @Override

      重写

  3.2 @Deprecated

      已过时

  3.3 @SuppressWarnings(value = "unchecked")

      压制编辑器警告

 

Java元注解

 

作用:元注解用于修饰其他的注解

 

@Retention:定义注解的保留策略

 

      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)             //注解仅存在于源码中,在class字节码文件中不包含

 

      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)              //默认的保留策略,注解会在class字节码文件中存在,但运行时无法获得,

 

      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)            //注解会在class字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到

 

@Target:指定被修饰的Annotation可以放置的位置(被修饰的目标)

 

      @Target(ElementType.TYPE)                      //接口、类

 

      @Target(ElementType.FIELD)                     //属性

 

      @Target(ElementType.METHOD)                    //方法

 

      @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)                 //方法参数

 

      @Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR)               //构造函数

 

      @Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)            //局部变量

 

      @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)           //注解

 

      @Target(ElementType.PACKAGE)                   //

 

      注:可以指定多个位置,例如:

 

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}),也就是此注解可以在方法和类上面使用

 

@Inherited:指定被修饰的Annotation将具有继承性 

 

@Documented:指定被修饰的该Annotation可以被javadoc工具提取成文档.

 

自定义注解

 

注解分类(根据Annotation是否包含成员变量,可以把Annotation分为两类):

 

标记Annotation:

 

没有成员变量的Annotation; 这种Annotation仅利用自身的存在与否来提供信息

 

元数据Annotation:

 

    包含成员变量的Annotation; 它们可以接受(和提供)更多的元数据;

 

如何自定义注解?

 

使用@interface关键字, 其定义过程与定义接口非常类似, 需要注意的是:

 

   Annotation的成员变量在Annotation定义中是以无参的方法形式来声明的, 其方法名和返回值类型定义了该成员变量的名字和类型,

 

   而且我们还可以使用default关键字为这个成员变量设定默认值;

 

 

 

注意:只有名字为value”属性,赋值时可以省略属性名

案例一(获取类与方法上的注解值):

 

 

package com.ssm.annotation;

/**
 *  @author xyls
 *  @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 *  @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */
public enum  TranscationModel {
    Read, Write, ReadWrite
}

  

package com.ssm.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 *  @author xyls
 *  @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 *  @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 *
 * MyAnnotation1注解可以用在类、接口、属性、方法上
 * 注解运行期也保留
 * 不可继承
 */
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.FIELD,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface MyAnnotation1 {
    String name();
}

  

package com.ssm.annotation;
/**
 * @author xyls
 * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface MyAnnotation2 {
    TranscationModel model() default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
}

  

package com.ssm.annotation;
/**
 * @author xyls
 * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface MyAnnotation3 {
    TranscationModel[] models() default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
}

  

package com.ssm.annotation;

/**
 * @author xyls
 * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */
@MyAnnotation1(name = "abc")
public class Demo1 {

    @MyAnnotation1(name = "xyz")
    private Integer age;

    @MyAnnotation2(model = TranscationModel.Read)
    public void list() {
        System.out.println("list");
    }

    @MyAnnotation3(models = {TranscationModel.Read, TranscationModel.Write})
    public void edit() {
        System.out.println("edit");
    }
}

  

import com.ssm.annotation.*;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * @author xyls
 * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */
public class Demo1Test {
    @Test
    public void list() throws Exception {
//        获取类上的注解
        MyAnnotation1 annotation1 = Demo1.class.getAnnotation(MyAnnotation1.class);
        System.out.println(annotation1.name());//abc

//        获取方法上的注解
        MyAnnotation2 myAnnotation2 = Demo1.class.getMethod("list").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation2.class);
        System.out.println(myAnnotation2.model());//Read


    }

    @Test
    public void edit() throws Exception {
        MyAnnotation3 myAnnotation3 = Demo1.class.getMethod("edit").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation3.class);
        for (TranscationModel model : myAnnotation3.models()) {
            System.out.println(model);//输出Read,Write
        }
    }
}

  

案例二(获取类属性上的注解属性值)

package com.ssm.annotation2;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * @author xyls
 * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */
//@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface TestAnnotation {
    String value() default "默认value值";

    String what() default "这里是默认的what属性对应的值";
}

  

package com.ssm.annotation2;

/**
 * @author xyls
 * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */
public class Demo2 {
    @TestAnnotation(value = "这就是value对应的值_msg1", what = "这就是what对应的值_msg1")
    private static String msg1;

    @TestAnnotation("这就是value对应的值1")
    private static String msg2;

    @TestAnnotation(value = "这就是value对应的值2")
    private static String msg3;

    @TestAnnotation(what = "这就是what对应的值")
    private static String msg4;
}

  

import com.ssm.annotation2.Demo2;
import com.ssm.annotation2.TestAnnotation;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * @author xyls
 * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */
public class Demo2Test {
    @Test
    public void test1() throws Exception {
        TestAnnotation msg1 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg1").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
        System.out.println(msg1.value());
        System.out.println(msg1.what());
    }

    @Test
    public void test2() throws Exception {
        TestAnnotation msg2 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg2").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
        System.out.println(msg2.value());
        System.out.println(msg2.what());
    }

    @Test
    public void test3() throws Exception {
        TestAnnotation msg3 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg3").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
        System.out.println(msg3.value());
        System.out.println(msg3.what());
    }

    @Test
    public void test4() throws Exception {
        TestAnnotation msg4 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg4").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
        System.out.println(msg4.value());
        System.out.println(msg4.what());
    }
}

  

案例三(获取参数修饰注解对应的属性值):

package com.ssm.annotation3;

import java.lang.annotation.*;


/**
 * @author xyls
 * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */
@Documented
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface IsNotNull {
    boolean value() default false;
}

  

package com.ssm.annotation3;

/**
 * @author xyls
 * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */
public class Demo3 {

    public void hello1(@IsNotNull(true) String name) {
        System.out.println("hello:" + name);
    }

    public void hello2(@IsNotNull String name) {
        System.out.println("hello:" + name);
    }
}

  

import com.ssm.annotation3.Demo3;
import com.ssm.annotation3.IsNotNull;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
 * @author xyls
 * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */
import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;

public class Demo3Test {

    @Test
    public void hello1() throws Exception {
        Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
        for (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello1", String.class).getParameters()) {
            IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
            if (annotation != null) {
                System.out.println(annotation.value());//true
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void hello2() throws Exception {
        Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
        for (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello2", String.class).getParameters()) {
            IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
            if (annotation != null) {
                System.out.println(annotation.value());//false
            }
        }
    }
}

Aop自定义注解的应用

package com.ssm.AOP;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
   * @author xyls
   * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
   * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface MyLog {
    String desc();
}

  

package com.ssm.AOP;

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
 * @author xyls
 * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */
@Component
@Aspect
public class MyLogAspect {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyLogAspect.class);

    /**
     * 只要用到了com.ssmAOP.MyLog这个注解的,就是目标类
     */
    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.ssm.AOP.MyLog)")
    private void MyValid() {
    }

    @Before("MyValid()")
    public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
        MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
        logger.debug("[" + signature.getName() + " : start.....]");

        MyLog myLog = signature.getMethod().getAnnotation(MyLog.class);
        logger.debug("【目标对象方法被调用时候产生的日志,记录到日志表中】:" + myLog.desc());
    }
}

  

package com.ssm.AOP;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
 * @author xyls
 * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
 */
@Component
public class LogController {

    @MyLog(desc = "这是结合spring aop知识,讲解自定义注解应用的一个案例")
    public void testLogAspect() {
        System.out.println("sout输出");
    }
}

  

import com.ssm.model.feedback;
import com.ssm.util.PageBean;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

/**
 * @author xyls
 * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
 * @create  2019-11-15 9:52
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
public class SpringBaseTest {
//protected feedback feedback;
//protected  PageBean pageBean;

//    @Before
//    public void init(){
//        feedback feedback=new feedback();
//    }
}

  

 

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/omji0030/p/11919479.html