Oracle版本：11.2.0.4
系统版本：Redhat 6.4 x64
前提条件：Oracle软件已完成安装
图1
添加环境变量：
$ pwd /home/oracle $ tail -8 .bash_profile export PATH export TMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=$TMP export ORACLE_SID=tank export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib/:/lib64:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH $ source .bash_profile
修改glogin配置文件，用来在连接实例时显示连接名字：
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin $ tail -2 glogin.sql set sqlprompt '_USER"@"_CONNECT_IDENTIFIER> ' define _editor=vim $ export ORACLE_SID=tank $ sqlplus / as sysdba Connected to an idle instance. SYS@tank>
创建密码文件及pfile：
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs $ orapwd file=orapwTANK password=oracle entries=20
通过模板创建pfile，并修改内容：
$ cat init.ora |grep -v ^#|grep -v ^$>inittank.ora
修改pfile文件：
$ cat inittank.ora db_name='TANK' memory_target=1G processes = 150 audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/tank/adump' audit_trail ='db' db_block_size=8192 db_domain='' db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area' db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle' dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=TANKXDB)' open_cursors=300 remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' control_files = ('/data01/tank/control01.ctl','/data02/tank/control02.ctl') compatible ='11.2.0' --本文以演示为主，该部分参数未做调整，可结合实际情况进行修改
创建pfile中涉及的路径：
$ grep u01 inittank.ora audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/tank/adump' db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area' diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle' $ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/tank/adump $ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
创建spfile并将实例启动至nomount阶段：
$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Feb 13 03:48:01 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SYS@tank> create spfile from pfile; File created. SYS@tank> startup nomount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes Fixed Size 2260088 bytes Variable Size 671089544 bytes Database Buffers 390070272 bytes Redo Buffers 5517312 bytes SYS@tank>
编辑建库脚本：
官方文档参考模板
Administrator's Guide--2 Creating and Configuring an Oracle Database--Creating a Database with the CREATE DATABASE Statement--Step 9: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement--Example 1
SYS@tank> ed createdb.sql CREATE DATABASE tank USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/data01/tank/redo01a.log','/data02/tank/redo01b.log') SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 ('/data01/tank/redo02a.log','/data02/tank/redo02b.log') SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 ('/data01/tank/redo03a.log','/data02/tank/redo03b.log') SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512 MAXLOGFILES 5 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 MAXLOGHISTORY 1 MAXDATAFILES 100 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8 NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL DATAFILE '/data01/tank/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE SYSAUX DATAFILE '/data01/tank/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users DATAFILE '/data01/tank/users01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1 TEMPFILE '/data01/tank/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1 DATAFILE '/data01/tank/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
--注意undo表空间的名称要与pfile中的undo名称一致
执行建库脚本：
SYS@tank> @createdb
Database created.
执行创建数据字典等脚本：
SYS@tank> ed createdict.sql @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql conn system/oracle @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql SYS@tank> @createdict --输出内容略，大约需执行5-10分钟。
网络文件配置，listener.ora和tnsnames.ora：
官方文档参考模板
Database Administration--Net Services Reference--6 Local Naming Parameters (tnsnames.ora)--ADDRESS
Database Administration--Net Services Reference--7 Oracle Net Listener Parameters (listener.ora)--ADDRESS
$ pwd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin $ cat listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = tank)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle --启动监听器 $ lsnrctl start $ cat tnsnames.ora TEST = (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.0.2.10)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=TANK)) )
PS：在复制编辑官方文档tnsnames内容时，注意在末尾处需要添加一个右括号，在线文档中漏掉了这个括号，如图2：
图2
连通性测试：
$ tnsping TEST TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 13-FEB-2017 04:21:39 Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.0.2.10)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=TANK))) OK (0 msec)
$ sqlplus system/oracle@TEST
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Feb 13 04:23:45 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYSTEM@TEST> select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------------- ------------
tank OPEN
参考文档：
Oracle 11g在线文档 https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/index.htm
-The End-
Tank
20180130