leetcode--Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree

1.题目描述

Given a singly linked list where elements are sorted in ascending order, convert it to a height balanced BST.

2.解法分析

题意为将一个按升序排列的单链表转换为一个平衡的BST,将单链表转换为平衡树很容易,然后按照先序遍历赋值即可。时间复杂度和空间复杂度都是O(N),时间复杂度上没什么好说的, 但是空间复杂度貌似稍微高了点,因为如果使用O(N)的空间复杂度的话,那么可以直接开辟一个长度为N的数组,然后借助数组可以随机访问的特性写代码。也就是说,这个是个以空间换时间的做法,需要注意的是,虽然是O(N),但是前面的系数在链表够大的时候其实远小于1,比直接用一个长度为N的算法要好得多,虽然暂时给不出证明,但我认为这个的空间复杂度可以收紧到O(logN),而且由于整个程序没有用到递归,其实也抵消了一部分空间浪费。在目前所看的算法中,我的算法速度是最快的。

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode *sortedListToBST(ListNode *head) {
        // Start typing your C/C++ solution below
        // DO NOT write int main() function
        if(!head)return NULL;
        queue<TreeNode *>temp;
        
        int len = 0;
        ListNode * cur=head;
        while(cur!=NULL){len++;cur=cur->next;}
        TreeNode *t = new TreeNode(0);len--;
        TreeNode *THead = t;
        temp.push(t);
        while(true)
        {
           
            TreeNode * parent = temp.front();
            temp.pop();
            if(len>0){t = new TreeNode(0);parent->left = t;temp.push(t);len--;}
            else break;
            if(len>0){t = new TreeNode(0);parent->right = t;temp.push(t);len--;}
            else break;
        }
        
        vector<TreeNode *>treev;
    
        treev.push_back(THead);
        TreeNode *curT=THead;
        
        cur=head;
        
        while(!treev.empty())
        {
            
            if(curT->left){treev.push_back(curT->left);curT=curT->left;}
            else
            {
                while(!treev.empty())
                {
                    curT=treev.back();
                    treev.pop_back();
                    curT->val=cur->val;
                    cur=cur->next;
                    if(curT->right!=NULL){
                        treev.push_back(curT->right);
                        curT=curT->right;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        return THead;   
    }
};

另外在网上搜了几个解法,解法一是最naive的想法,即忽略linklist不能随机访问的特性,仍然用适合于数组的办法来解决问题,当然,如果不算递归开销,这个的空间消耗较少,但是实际上是有递归开销的。最严重的是,时间复杂度这个实际上是O(NlogN)

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    int calLen(ListNode *node)
    {
        int len = 0;
        while(node)
        {
            len++;
            node = node->next;
        }
        return len;
    }
    
    TreeNode *createTree(ListNode *node, int left, int right)
    {
        if (left > right)
            return NULL;
            
        int mid = (left + right) / 2;
        
        ListNode *p = node;
        
        for(int i = left; i < mid; i++)
            p = p->next;
            
        TreeNode *leftNode = createTree(node, left, mid - 1);
        TreeNode *rightNode = createTree(p->next, mid + 1, right);
        
        TreeNode *tNode = new TreeNode(p->val);
        
        tNode->left = leftNode;
        tNode->right = rightNode;
        
        return tNode;        
    }
    
    TreeNode *sortedListToBST(ListNode *head) {
        // Start typing your C/C++ solution below
        // DO NOT write int main() function
        int len = calLen(head);
        return createTree(head, 0, len - 1);
    }
};
ref:http://www.cnblogs.com/remlostime/archive/2012/10/29/2744805.html
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/obama/p/3258706.html