第四章:(3)Web开发 之 模板引擎

一、模板引擎

   常用的模板引擎:JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf

  

  Thymeleaf是一款用于渲染XML/XHTML/HTML5内容的模板引擎。类似JSP,Velocity, FreeMaker等,它也可以轻易的与Spring MVC等Web框架进行集成
作为Web应用的模板引擎。与其它模板引擎相比, Thymeleaf最大的特点是能够直接在浏览器中打开并正确显示模板页面,而不需要启动整个Web应用

  SpringBoot 推荐的 ThymeLeaf:语法更简单,功能更强大;

  Spring Boot推荐使用Thymeleaf、 Freemarker等后现代的模板引擎技术;一但导入相关依赖,会自动配置ThymeleafAutoConfiguration、 FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration。

  Thymeleaf 官方文档

二、引入 Thymeleaf

  <!--默认版本为2.1.6-->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
  </dependency>
<properties> <!-- 切换thymeleaf版本 --> <!-- 布局功能的支持程序: thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 如果使用 thymeleaf2 layout1以上版本--> <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version> <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version> </properties>

三、Thymeleaf 使用

  Thymeleaf 的配置信息都在 ThymeleafProperties 文件中:

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {

    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

    private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");

    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";

    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";

        ...
}

    只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;

    示例:

    //测试
    @RequestMapping(value = "/success", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String success(Map<String,Object> map){
        map.put("hello","<h1>你好</h1>");
        //classpath:/templates/success.html 
        return "success";
    }

  使用

  1、导入 Thymeleaf 的名称空间

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

  

  2、使用 Thymeleaf 语法:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>成功!</h1>
    <!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
    <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>

四、语法规则

  1、th:任意 html 属性,来替换原生属性的值;

     th:text 改变当前元素里面的文本内容;

  2、表达式

Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
    Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
            1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
            2)、使用内置的基本对象:
                #ctx : the context object.
                #vars: the context variables.
                #locale : the context locale.
                #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
                
                ${session.foo}
            3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).

    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
        补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
    <div th:object="${session.user}">
      <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
      <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
      <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
    </div>
    
    Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
    Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
            @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
    Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
            <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
            
Literals(字面量)
      Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
      Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
      Boolean literals: true , false
      Null literal: null
      Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
    If-then: (if) ? (then)
    If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
    No-Operation: _ 

  3、示例代码

    控制器方法:

    //查出用户数据,在页面展示
    @RequestMapping(value = "/success", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String success(Map<String,Object> map){
        map.put("hello","<h1>你好</h1>");
        map.put("users", Arrays.asList("zhangsan","lisi","wangwu"));
        return "success";
    }

    页面:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>成功!</h1>
<!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
<div id="div01" class="myDiv" th:id="${hello}" th:class="${hello}" th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
<hr/>


<div th:text="${hello}"></div>
<div th:utext="${hello}"></div>
<hr/>

<!-- th:each每次遍历都会生成当前这个标签: 3个h4 -->
<h4 th:text="${user}"  th:each="user:${users}"></h4>
<hr/>
<h4>
  <span th:each="user:${users}"> [[${user}]] </span>
</h4>

</body>
</html>

  展示效果:

 
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/niujifei/p/15605420.html