一、xml简介

xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，跟json差不多，但json使用起来更简单，不过，古时候，在json还没诞生的黑暗年代，大家只能选择用xml呀，至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。

xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
        <year>2008</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
    </country>
</data>

二、Python使用xml

xml协议在各个语言里的都是支持的，在python中可以用以下模块操作xml：

# print(root.iter('year')) #全文搜索
# print(root.find('country')) #在root的子节点找，只找一个
# print(root.findall('country')) #在root的子节点找，找所有

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag)

#遍历xml文档
for child in root:
    print('========>', child.tag, child.attrib, child.attrib['name'])
    for i in child:
        print(i.tag, i.attrib, i.text)

#只遍历year 节点
for node in root.iter('year'):
    print(node.tag, node.text)
#---------------------------------------

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
root = tree.getroot()

#修改
for node in root.iter('year'):
    new_year = int(node.text) + 1
    node.text = str(new_year)
    node.set('updated', 'yes')
    node.set('version', '1.0')
tree.write('test.xml')

#删除node
for country in root.findall('country'):
    rank = int(country.find('rank').text)
    if rank > 50:
        root.remove(country)

tree.write('output.xml')

#在country内添加（append）节点year2
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse("a.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
for country in root.findall('country'):
    for year in country.findall('year'):
        if int(year.text) > 2000:
            year2 = ET.Element('year2')
            year2.text = '新年'
            year2.attrib = {'update': 'yes'}
            country.append(year2)  #往country节点下添加子节点

tree.write('a.xml.swap')

三、自己创建xml文档

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")
name = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "name", attrib={"enrolled": "yes"})
age = ET.SubElement(name, "age", attrib={"checked": "no"})
sex = ET.SubElement(name, "sex")
sex.text = '33'
name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "name", attrib={"enrolled": "no"})
age = ET.SubElement(name2, "age")
age.text = '19'

et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml)  #生成文档对象
et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)

ET.dump(new_xml)  #打印生成的格式