【大数据】Hive的安装与配置

Hive中metastore（元数据存储）的三种方式：

内嵌Derby方式
Local方式
Remote方式

1.本地模式（derby）

这种方式是最简单的存储方式，只需要在hive-site.xml做如下配置便可

<?xml version="1.0"?>  

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>  

<configuration>  

<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>  

  <value>jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true</value>  

</property>  


<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>  

  <value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value>  

</property>  

   

<property>  

  <name>hive.metastore.local</name>  

  <value>true</value>  

</property>  

<property>  

  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>  

  <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>  

</property>  

</configuration>

注：使用derby存储方式时，运行hive会在当前目录生成一个derby文件和一个metastore_db目录。这种存储方式的弊端是在同一个目录下同时只能有一个hive客户端能使用数据库，否则会提示如下错误

[html] view plain copy print ?

hive> show tables;

FAILED: Error in metadata: javax.jdo.JDOFatalDataStoreException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.

NestedThrowables:

java.sql.SQLException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.

FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask

hive> show tables;

FAILED: Error in metadata: javax.jdo.JDOFatalDataStoreException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.

NestedThrowables:

java.sql.SQLException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.

FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask

2.单用户模式（mysql）

这种存储方式需要在本地运行一个mysql服务器，并作如下配置（下面两种使用mysql的方式，需要将mysql的jar包拷贝到$HIVE_HOME/lib目录下）。

<?xml version="1.0"?>  

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>  

  

<configuration>  

<property>  

  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>  

  <value>/user/hive_remote/warehouse</value>  

</property>  

   

<property>  

  <name>hive.metastore.local</name>  

  <value>true</value>  

</property>  

   

<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>  

  <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>  

</property>  

   

<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>  

  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>  

</property>  

   

<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>  

  <value>hive</value>  

</property>  

   

<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>  

  <value>password</value>  

</property>  

</configuration>

附：

安装mysql  

Yum install mysql-server -y

修改mysql权限：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123' WITH GRANT OPTION;

flush privileges;

删除多余会对权限造成影响的数据
刷新权限

[ERROR] Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupported

java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected

at jline.TerminalFactory.create(TerminalFactory.java:101)

错误的原因： Hadoop jline版本和hive的jline不一致

3.多用户模式

1.Remote一体

这种存储方式需要在远端服务器运行一个mysql服务器，并且需要在Hive服务器启动meta服务。

这里用mysql的测试服务器，ip位192.168.1.214，新建hive_remote数据库，字符集为latine1

<?xml version="1.0"?>  

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>  

   

<configuration>  

  

<property>  

  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>  

  <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>  

</property>  

   

<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>  

  <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.57.6:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>  

</property>  

   

<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>  

  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>  

</property>  

   

<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>  

  <value>hive</value>  

</property>  

   

<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>  

  <value>password</value>  

</property>  

  

<property>  

  <name>hive.metastore.local</name>  

  <value>false</value>  

</property>  

  

<property>  

  <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>  

  <value>thrift://192.168.1.188:9083</value>  

</property>  

  

</configuration>

注：这里把hive的服务端和客户端都放在同一台服务器上了。服务端和客户端可以拆开

2.Remote分开

将hive-site.xml配置文件拆为如下两部分

1）服务端配置文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>  

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>  

   

<configuration>  

<property>  

  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>  

  <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>  

</property>  

<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>  

  <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.57.6:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>  

</property>  

<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>  

  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>  

</property>     

<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>  

  <value>root</value>  

</property>  

<property>  

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>  

  <value>123456</value>  

</property>  

</configuration>

2）客户端配置文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>  

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>  

   

<configuration>  

  

<property>  

  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>  

  <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>  

</property>  

   

<property>  

  <name>hive.metastore.local</name>  

  <value>false</value>  

</property>  

  

<property>  

  <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>  

  <value>thrift://192.168.57.5:9083</value>  

</property>  

  

</configuration>

启动hive服务端程序

hive --service metastore

客户端直接使用hive命令即可

root@my188:~$ hive

Hive history file=/tmp/root/hive_job_log_root_201301301416_955801255.txt

hive> show tables;

test_hive

Time taken: 0.736 seconds

hive>

客户端启动的时候要注意：

[ERROR] Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupported

java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected

at jline.TerminalFactory.create(TerminalFactory.java:101)

错误的原因： Hadoop jline版本和hive的jline不一致