[AngularJS] AngularJS系列(2) 中级篇之路由

原理
angular-route
ui-router
- 事件
- 深度路由

原理

ng的route本质是监听hashchange事件.

在angular-route中

    $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeStart', prepareRoute);
    $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', commitRoute);

在ui-router中

      listener = listener || $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', update);

...    scope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', function() {
          updateView(false);
        });
...

angular-route

Hello World

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
    <title>AngularJS</title>
    <script src="Scripts/angular.min.js"></script>
    <script src="Scripts/angular-route.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="#index">index</a>
    <a href="#home">home</a>
    <div ng-view></div>
    <script>
        angular.module('myApp', ['ngRoute'], ['$routeProvider', function ($route) {
            $route.when('/index', { template: 'Index' })
                .when('/home', { template: 'Home' })
                .otherwise('index');
        }]);
    </script>
</body>
</html>

以上为最简单的ngRoute Hello World

可参考官方API:

https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ngRoute

这里再展示1个稍微完整点的Demo

    <div ng-controller="MainController">
        Choose:
        <a href="#Book/Moby">Moby</a> |
        <a href="#Book/Moby/ch/1">Moby: Ch1</a> |
        <a href="#Book/Gatsby">Gatsby</a> |
        <a href="#Book/Gatsby/ch/4?key=value">Gatsby: Ch4</a> |
        <a href="#Book/Scarlet">Scarlet Letter</a><br />

        <div ng-view></div>

        <hr />

        <pre>$location.path() = {{$location.path()}}</pre>
        <pre>$route.current.template = {{$route.current.template}}</pre>
        <pre>$route.current.params = {{$route.current.params}}</pre>
        <pre>$route.current.scope.name = {{$route.current.scope.name}}</pre>
        <pre>$routeParams = {{$routeParams}}</pre>
    </div>
    <script>
        angular.module('myApp', ['ngRoute'])
            .controller('MainController', function ($scope, $route, $routeParams, $location) {
                $scope.$route = $route;
                $scope.$location = $location;
                $scope.$routeParams = $routeParams;
            })
            .controller('BookController', function ($scope, $routeParams) {
                $scope.name = 'BookController';
                $scope.params = $routeParams;
            })
            .controller('ChapterController', function ($scope, $routeParams) {
                $scope.name = 'ChapterController';
                $scope.params = $routeParams;
            })
            .config(function ($routeProvider, $locationProvider) {
                $routeProvider
                 .when('/Book/:bookId', {
                     template: 'controller: {{name}}<br />Book Id: {{params.bookId}}<br />',
                     controller: 'BookController',
                     resolve: {
                         // I will cause a 1 second delay
                         delay: function ($q, $timeout) {
                             var delay = $q.defer();
                             $timeout(delay.resolve, 1000);
                             return delay.promise;
                         }
                     }
                 })
                .when('/Book/:bookId/ch/:chapterId', {
                    template: 'controller: {{name}}<br />Book Id: {{params.bookId}}<br />Chapter Id: {{params.chapterId}}',
                    controller: 'ChapterController'
                });
            });
    </script>

ui-router

Hello World

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
    <title>AngularJS</title>
    <script src="Scripts/angular.min.js"></script>
    <script src="Scripts/angular-ui-router.min.js"></script>
    <style>
        .active {
            color: red;
            font-weight: bold;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <a ui-sref="hello" ui-sref-active="active">Hello</a>
    <a ui-sref="about" ui-sref-active="active">About</a>
    <div ui-view></div>
    <script>
        angular.module('myApp', ['ui.router'], ['$stateProvider', function ($stateProvider) {
            var helloState = {
                name: 'hello',
                url: '/hello',
                template: '<h3>hello world!</h3>'
            }

            var aboutState = {
                name: 'about',
                url: '/about',
                template: '<h3>Its the UI-Router hello world app!</h3>'
            }

            $stateProvider.state(helloState).state(aboutState);
        }]);
    </script>
</body>
</html>

以上展示了ui-router基本的用法

事件

和ngRoute相同的是，angular-route服务会在不同的状态生命周期lifecycle里启动某些事件events。监听$scope对象便可以捕获这些事件然后采取不同的响应或者操作。如下的事件将会在$rootScope上触发，因此在任何$scope对象上都可以监听到这些事件。

状态改变事件

$scope.$on('$stateChangeStart', function(evt, toState, toParams, fromState, fromParams), { // 如果需要阻止事件的完成 evt.preventDefault();});

可以触发的事件包括：

stateChangeStart

当状态改变开始的时候被触发

$stateChangeSuccess

当状态改变成功后被触发

$stateChangeError

当状态改变遇到错误时被触发，错误通常是目标无法载入，需要预载入的数据无法被载入等。

视图载入事件

视图载入阶段ui-router也提供了一些事件

$viewContentLoading

当视图正在被载入且在DOM被渲染之前触发。

$scope.$on('$viewContentLoading', function(event, viewConfig){ // 获取任何视图设置的参数，以及一个特殊的属性：viewConfig.targetView});
$viewContentLoaded

当视图被载入且DOM已经渲染完成后被触发。

在事件中,再多说2句:

在源码中的3151行,定义了路由跳转方法.

    $state.transitionTo = function transitionTo(to, toParams, options) {

在方法中,ui-router 调用$rootScope.$broadcast,进行了广播事件.

而$broadcast,$emit以及$on不是本节重点内容,这里做简单介绍:

$broadcast:向当前和子scope中触发事件.

$emit:向当前和父scope中触发事件

$on:在当前scope中定义事件

同样的,在ngRoute中,也定义了一些事件

如:$routeChangeStart、$routeChangeSuccess、$routeChangeError

深度路由(嵌套路由)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
    <title></title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script src="Scripts/angular.js"></script>
    <script src="Scripts/angular-ui-router.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>深度路由</h1>
    <div ui-view></div>
    <script>
        angular.module('myApp', ['ui.router'], ['$stateProvider', '$urlRouterProvider', function ($stateProvider, $urlRouterProvider) {
            $stateProvider.state("PageTab", {
                url: "/PageTab",
                template: '<span style="100px" ui-sref=".Page1"><a href="#">Page-1</a></span><span style="100px" ui-sref=".Page2"><a href="#">Page-2</a></span><span style="100px" ui-sref=".Page3"><a href="#">Page-3</a></span> <div ui-view/>'
            })
            .state("PageTab.Page1", {
                url: "/Page1",
                template: "Page-1"
            })
            .state("PageTab.Page2", {
                url: "/Page2",
                template: "Page-2"
            })
            .state("PageTab.Page3", {
                url: "/Page3",
                template: "Page3"
            });
            $urlRouterProvider.otherwise('PageTab');
        }]);
    </script>
</body>
</html>

可参考:

ui-router GitHub(https://github.com/angular-ui/ui-router/wiki)

本文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/neverc/p/5907693.html