Mysql5.7
安装部署文档
（V1.0）
1.用户创建
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
2.创建目录
创建软件及data目录
mkdir -p /u01
chown mysql:mysql /u01
（可与根目录一起）
mkdir -p /data/mysql3306
chown -R mysql:mysql /data
（单独划盘）
3.上传软件
建议使用5.7.33最高版本
如果业务中需要使用分析函数及大表关联查询[hash join]等可以使用mysql8最高版本
上传二进制安装包：
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql/
chown mysq:mysql mysql/
-
操作系统限制
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
#use for mysql
mysql soft nproc 65536
mysql hard nproc 65536
mysql soft nofile 65536
mysql hard nofile 65536
EOF
5.配置Mysql用户环境变量
su - mysql
vi .bash_profile
export PATH
export MYSQL_HOME=/u01/mysql
export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH
-
配置mysql参数文件
vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql3306/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
basedir = /u01/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql3306
socket = /data/mysql3306/mysql.sock
pid-file = .pid
character-set-server = utf8mb4
skip_name_resolve = 1
default_time_zone = "+8:00"
server-id = 3306
lower_case_table_names=1
open_files_limit = 6553
back_log = 1024
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 1000000
table_open_cache = 1024
table_definition_cache = 1024
table_open_cache_instances = 64
thread_stack = 512K
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 16M
join_buffer_size = 16M
thread_cache_size = 768
interactive_timeout = 1800
wait_timeout = 1800
tmp_table_size = 96M
max_heap_table_size = 96M
key_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
lock_wait_timeout = 300
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
##日志##
slow_query_log = 1
log_timestamps = SYSTEM
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql3306/slow.log
log-error = /data/mysql3306/error.log
long_query_time = 5
log_queries_not_using_indexes =0
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 60
min_examined_row_limit = 100
log_slow_admin_statements = 1
log_slow_slave_statements = 1
##binlog设置##
log-bin = /data/mysql3306/mysql-bin
sync_binlog = 1
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 2G
max_binlog_size = 1G
binlog_format = row
binlog_checksum = 1
binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1
expire_logs_days = 5
##开启GTID##
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
##slave相关设置##
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
log_slave_updates
slave-rows-search-algorithms = 'INDEX_SCAN,HASH_SCAN'
relay_log_recovery = 1
relay-log-purge = 1
##innodb相关配置##
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
##按需分配操作系统内存得60%##
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 4
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
innodb_log_file_size = 2G
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 4G
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 5
innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
innodb_undo_logs = 128
##普通磁盘##
innodb_io_capacity = 4000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
innodb_flush_sync = 0
innodb_flush_neighbors = 0
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_page_cleaners = 4
innodb_open_files = 65535
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 75
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 4000
innodb_checksum_algorithm = crc32
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10
innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size = 4G
innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0
internal_tmp_disk_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_checksums = 1
##关闭查询缓存##
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
innodb_status_file = 1
innodb_status_output = 0
innodb_status_output_locks = 0
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 1
performance_schema = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
-
初始化数据库
##initialize-insecure参数作用：初始化数据库root密码为空
cd /u01/mysql/bin
mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
启动数据库：
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
OR
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf&
复制数据库启动脚本
cp /u01/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
编辑启动脚本：
sed -i '46s/basedir=/basedir=/u01/mysql/' /etc/init.d/mysqld
sed -i '47s/datadir=/datadir=/data/mysql3306/' /etc/init.d/mysqld
添加开机启动项：
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on
-
xtrabackup备份数据库
上传二进制安装包
tar zxvf percona-xtrabackup-2.4.8-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
mv percona-xtrabackup-2.4.8-Linux-x86_64/ percona-xtrabackup/
配置环境变量：
vi .bash_profile
export PATH
export MYSQL_HOME=/u01/mysql
export XTRABACKUP_HOME=/u01/percona-xtrabackup
export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$XTRABACKUP_HOME/bin:$PATH
创建备份脚本：
touch /home/mysql/script/backup.sh
本地磁盘备份:
#!/bin/bash
source /home/mysql/.bash_profile
day=$(date +%Y%m%d)
dir=/data/backup
find $dir -mtime +2 |xargs rm -rf
mkdir -p $dir/$day
xtrabackup --user=root --password=monitor --backup --parallel=4 --compress --compress-threads=4 --target-dir=$dir/$day
远程备份:
#!/bin/sh
source /root/.bash_profile
day=$(date +%Y%m%d)
dir=/usr/backup/xx
ssh root@10.50.13.53 "find $dir -mtime +2 |xargs rm -rf"
ssh root@10.50.13.53 "mkdir -p $dir/$day"
xtrabackup --user=root --password=root151 --stream=xbstream --kill-long-query-type=select --kill-long-queries-timeout=1000 --backup --parallel=6 --compress --compress-threads=6 | ssh root@10.50.13.53 "xbstream -x -C $dir/$day"
Cron自动执行:
echo "30 1 * * * /bin/sh /home/mysql/script/backup.sh > /home/mysql/script/backup.log" >> /var/spool/cron/mysql