Python单元测试框架unittest之单用例管理（二）

概述

利用python进行测试时，测试用例的加载方式有2种：

一种是通过unittest.main()来启动所需测试的测试模块，上篇文章就是使用的这种方式；

一种是添加到testsuite集合中再加载所有的被测试对象，而testsuit里存放的就是所需测试的用例，下面具体介绍这种方式。

通过suit.addTest()/suit.addTests()加载用例到suit

suit.addTest()用于添加单个测试类或者测试类中的单个方法，suit.addTests()用于添加一个列表。

案例1：通过class("test_xxx")来加载测试用例，如下：

 1 # coding:utf-8
 2 
 3 import unittest
 4 
 5 #被测试方法
 6 def  cal(a,b):
 7     return a+b
 8 
 9 class singletest(unittest.TestCase):
10 
11     def setUp(self):
12         print "setUp"
13         pass
14 
15     def tearDown(self):
16         print "tearDown"
17         pass
18 
19     def test_01(self):
20         print ("test_01")
21         expected = 6
22         result = cal(2, 4)
23         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
24 
25     def test_02(self):
26         print ("test_02")
27         expected = 3
28         result = cal(2, 1)
29         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
30 
31 if __name__ == '__main__':
32     suite = unittest.TestSuite()
33     suite.addTest(singletest("test_01"))
34     suite.addTest(singletest("test_02"))
35     runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
36     runner.run(suite)

运行结果如下：

 1 setUp
 2 test_01
 3 tearDown
 4 setUp
 5 test_02
 6 tearDown
 7 ..
 8 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 9 Ran 2 tests in 0.000
10 
11 OK
12 
13 Process finished with exit code 0

全部运行通过！

案例2：将class("test_xxx")格式的方法定义为列表，如下：

 1 # coding:utf-8
 2 
 3 import time,random
 4 import HTMLTestRunner
 5 import unittest
 6 import os
 7 
 8 #被测试方法
 9 def  cal(a,b):
10     return a+b
11 
12 class singletest(unittest.TestCase):
13 
14     def setUp(self):
15         print "setUp"
16         pass
17 
18     def tearDown(self):
19         print "tearDown"
20         pass
21 
22     def test_01(self):
23         print ("test_01")
24         expected = 6
25         result = cal(2, 4)
26         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
27 
28     def test_02(self):
29         print ("test_02")
30         expected = 3
31         result = cal(2, 1)
32         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
33 
34 if __name__ == '__main__':
35     suite = unittest.TestSuite()
36     tests = [singletest("test_01"),singletest("test_02")]
37     suite.addTests(tests)
38     runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
39     runner.run(suite)

运行结果如下：

 1 setUp
 2 test_01
 3 tearDown
 4 setUp
 5 test_02
 6 tearDown
 7 ..
 8 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 9 Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
10 
11 OK
12 
13 Process finished with exit code 0

案例3：通过makeSuite方式加载测试用例，如下：

 1 # coding:utf-8
 2 
 3 import time,random
 4 import HTMLTestRunner
 5 import unittest
 6 import os
 7 
 8 #被测试方法
 9 def  cal(a,b):
10     return a+b
11 
12 class singletest(unittest.TestCase):
13 
14     def setUp(self):
15         print "setUp"
16         pass
17 
18     def tearDown(self):
19         print "tearDown"
20         pass
21 
22     def test_01(self):
23         print ("test_01")
24         expected = 6
25         result = cal(2, 4)
26         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
27 
28     def test_02(self):
29         print ("test_02")
30         expected = 3
31         result = cal(2, 1)
32         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
33 
34 if __name__ == '__main__':
35     suite = unittest.TestSuite()
36     suite.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(singletest))
37     runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
38     runner.run(suite)

运行结果如下：

 1 setUp
 2 test_01
 3 tearDown
 4 setUp
 5 test_02
 6 tearDown
 7 ..
 8 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 9 Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
10 
11 OK
12 
13 Process finished with exit code 0

案例4：通过TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase()方式加载测试用例，如下：

 1 # coding:utf-8
 2 
 3 import unittest
 4 
 5 #被测试方法
 6 def  cal(a,b):
 7     return a+b
 8 
 9 class TestCase1(unittest.TestCase):
10 
11     def setUp(self):
12         print "setUp"
13         pass
14 
15     def tearDown(self):
16         print "tearDown"
17         pass
18 
19     def test_01(self):
20         print ("test_01")
21         expected = 6
22         result = cal(2, 4)
23         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
24 
25     def test_02(self):
26         print ("test_02")
27         expected = 3
28         result = cal(2, 1)
29         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
30 
31 class TestCase2(unittest.TestCase):
32 
33     def setUp(self):
34         print "setUp"
35         pass
36 
37     def tearDown(self):
38         print "tearDown"
39         pass
40 
41     def test_03(self):
42         print ("test_03")
43         expected = 8
44         result = cal(3, 5)
45         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
46 
47     def test_04(self):
48         print ("test_04")
49         expected = 10
50         result = cal(5, 5)
51         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
52 
53 if __name__ == '__main__':
54     suite1 = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(TestCase1)
55     suite2 = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(TestCase2)
56     suite = unittest.TestSuite([suite1, suite2])
57     unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite)

运行结果如下：

 1 ....
 2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 3 Ran 4 tests in 0.000s
 4 
 5 OK
 6 setUp
 7 test_01
 8 tearDown
 9 setUp
10 test_02
11 tearDown
12 setUp
13 test_03
14 tearDown
15 setUp
16 test_04
17 tearDown
18 
19 Process finished with exit code 0

全部运行通过！

案例5：通过TestLoader().loadTestsFromName()方式加载测试用例，如下：

 1 # coding:utf-8
 2 
 3 import time,random
 4 import HTMLTestRunner
 5 import unittest
 6 import os
 7 
 8 #被测试方法
 9 def  cal(a,b):
10     return a+b
11 
12 class singletest(unittest.TestCase):
13 
14     def setUp(self):
15         print "setUp"
16         pass
17 
18     def tearDown(self):
19         print "tearDown"
20         pass
21 
22     def test_01(self):
23         print ("test_01")
24         expected = 6
25         result = cal(2, 4)
26         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
27 
28     def test_02(self):
29         print ("test_02")
30         expected = 3
31         result = cal(2, 1)
32         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
33 
34 if __name__ == '__main__':
35     suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromName('testcase.singletest')#文件名为testcase
36     runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
37     runner.run(suite)

运行结果如下：

 1 ..
 2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 3 setUp
 4 test_01
 5 tearDown
 6 setUp
 7 test_02
 8 tearDown
 9 Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
10 
11 OK
12 
13 Process finished with exit code 0

案例6：通过TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames()方式加载测试用例，如下：

 1 # coding:utf-8
 2 
 3 import time,random
 4 import HTMLTestRunner
 5 import unittest
 6 import os
 7 
 8 #被测试方法
 9 def  cal(a,b):
10     return a+b
11 
12 class singletest(unittest.TestCase):
13 
14     def setUp(self):
15         print "setUp"
16         pass
17 
18     def tearDown(self):
19         print "tearDown"
20         pass
21 
22     def test_01(self):
23         print ("test_01")
24         expected = 6
25         result = cal(2, 4)
26         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
27 
28     def test_02(self):
29         print ("test_02")
30         expected = 3
31         result = cal(2, 1)
32         self.assertEqual(expected, result)
33 
34 if __name__ == '__main__':
35     suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames(['testcase.singletest'])#testcase为当前文件名
36     runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
37     runner.run(suite)

运行结果如下：

 1 ..
 2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 3 setUp
 4 test_01
 5 tearDown
 6 setUp
 7 test_02
 8 tearDown
 9 Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
10 
11 OK
12 
13 Process finished with exit code 0

下面针对上述脚本中应用到的unittest模块下的几个成员进行简单的介绍，以便于理解上述代码：
TestCase：所有测试用例的基本类，给一个测试方法的名字，就会返回一个测试用例实例；
TestSuit：组织测试用例的实例，支持测试用例的添加和删除，最终将传递给 testRunner进行测试执行；
TextTestRunner：进行测试用例执行的实例，其中Text的意思是以文本形式显示测试结果。测试的结果会保存到TextTestResult实例中，包括运行了多少测试用例，成功了多少，失败了多少等信息；
TestLoader：用来加载TestCase到TestSuite中的，其中有几个 loadTestsFrom__()方法，就是从各个地方寻找TestCase，创建它们的实例，然后add到TestSuite中，再返回一个TestSuite实例。