Heartbeat+DRBD+MySQL高可用方案

　　参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/gomysql/p/3674030.html

　　1，方案介绍

　　本方案采用Heartbeat双机热备软件来保证数据库的高稳定性和连续性，数据的一致性由DRBD这个工具来保证。默认情况下只有一台mysql在工作，当主mysql服务器出现问题后，系统将自动切换到备机上继续提供服务，当主数据库修复完毕，又将服务切回继续由主mysql提供服务。

　　2，方案优缺点

　　优点：安全性高、稳定性高、可用性高，出现故障自动切换。

　　缺点：只有一台服务器提供服务，成本相对较高，不方便扩展，可能会发生脑裂。

　　3，软件介绍

　　Heartbeat介绍

　　官方站点：http://linux-ha.org/wiki/Main_Page

　　heartbeat可以资源(VIP地址及程序服务)从一台有故障的服务器快速的转移到另一台正常的服务器提供服务，heartbeat和keepalived相似，heartbeat可以实现failover功能，但不能实现对后端的健康检查

　　heartbeat搭建参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/minseo/p/13322635.html

　　DRBD介绍

　　官方站点：http://www.drbd.org/

　　DRBD(DistributedReplicatedBlockDevice)是一个基于块设备级别在远程服务器直接同步和镜像数据的软件，用软件实现的、无共享的、服务器之间镜像块设备内容的存储复制解决方案。它可以实现在网络中两台服务器之间基于块设备级别的实时镜像或同步复制(两台服务器都写入成功)/异步复制(本地服务器写入成功)，相当于网络的RAID1，由于是基于块设备(磁盘，LVM逻辑卷)，在文件系统的底层，所以数据复制要比cp命令更快。DRBD已经被MySQL官方写入文档手册作为推荐的高可用的方案之一

　　DRBD搭建参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/minseo/p/13300398.html

　　4，方案拓扑

 　　5，方案适用场景

　　适用于数据库访问量不太大，短期内访问量增长不会太快，对数据库可用性要求非常高的场景。

　　6，环境查看及规划

主机名 ip 系统 DRBD磁盘 heartbeat版本
hdp3 192.168.1.101 CentOS 7.5 /dev/sdb 3.0.6
hdp4 192.168.1.102 CentOS 7.5 /dev/sdb 3.0.6

 　　7,软件安装及环境配置

　　首先设置好主机名及hosts

# cat /etc/hosts
192.168.1.101 hdp3
192.168.1.102 hdp4

　　（1）安装DRBD

　　参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/minseo/p/13300398.html

　　安装过程不详述

　　查看配置文件

# cat /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
global {
  usage-count yes;
  # minor-count dialog-refresh disable-ip-verification
}
    
common {
  protocol C;
    
  handlers {
    # These are EXAMPLE handlers only.
    # They may have severe implications,
    # like hard resetting the node under certain circumstances.
    # Be careful when chosing your poison.
    
    # pri-on-incon-degr "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-on-incon-degr.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh; echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f";
    # pri-lost-after-sb "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-lost-after-sb.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh; echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f";
    # local-io-error "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-io-error.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-shutdown.sh; echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; halt -f";
    # fence-peer "/usr/lib/drbd/crm-fence-peer.sh";
    # split-brain "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-split-brain.sh root";
    # out-of-sync "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-out-of-sync.sh root";
    # before-resync-target "/usr/lib/drbd/snapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh -p 15 -- -c 16k";
    # after-resync-target /usr/lib/drbd/unsnapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh;
  }
    
  startup {
        wfc-timeout          240;
        degr-wfc-timeout     240;
        outdated-wfc-timeout 240;
  }
    
  disk {
        on-io-error detach;
  }
    
  net {
        cram-hmac-alg md5;
        shared-secret "testdrbd";
  }
    
  syncer {
        rate 30M;
  }
}

# cat /etc/drbd.d/r0.res 
resource r0 {
on hdp3 {
  #这是Primary机器上的DRBD虚拟块设备，事先不要格式化
  device     /dev/drbd0;
  disk       /dev/sdb;
  #DRBD监听的地址和端口。端口可以自己定义
  address    192.168.1.101:7898;
  meta-disk  internal;
 }
on hdp4 {
  #这是Secondary机器上的DRBD虚拟块设备，事先不要格式化
  device     /dev/drbd0;
  disk       /dev/sdb;
  address    192.168.1.102:7898;
  meta-disk  internal;
 }
}

 　　挂载目录为/data

 　　(2)安装mysql

　　为了快速安装使用yum安装，两台主机均安装

　　安装参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/minseo/p/9045852.html

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
yum install mysql-community-server

 　　修改配置

# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

 　　本次只修改是数据目录datadir=/data/mysql其他配置保存默认

　　注意：两台服务器上的mysql用户的uid和gid要一样。不然切换后会导致mysql数据目录的属主不正确而启动失败。

　　(3)安装heartbeat

　　安装参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/minseo/p/13322635.html

　　安装过程不详述

　　查看配置文件

# sed '/#/d' /usr/local/heartbeat/etc/ha.d/authkeys 
auth 2
2 sha1 HI!

 　　

# sed '/#/d' /usr/local/heartbeat/etc/ha.d/ha.cf
debugfile /var/log/ha-debug
logfile	/var/log/ha-log
logfacility	local0
keepalive 1
deadtime 30
warntime 10
initdead 120
udpport	694
ucast eth0 192.168.1.102
auto_failback off
node	hdp3
node	hdp4
ping 192.168.1.9
respawn hacluster /usr/local/heartbeat/libexec/heartbeat/ipfail
apiauth ipfail gid=haclient uid=hacluster

 　　创建drbd管理脚本（该脚本在老版本heartbeat自带，新版本需要创建）

# cat /usr/local/heartbeat/etc/ha.d/resource.d/drbddisk 
#!/bin/bash
#
# This script is inteded to be used as resource script by heartbeat
#
# Copright 2003-2008 LINBIT Information Technologies
# Philipp Reisner, Lars Ellenberg
#
###

DEFAULTFILE="/etc/default/drbd"
DRBDADM="/sbin/drbdadm"

if [ -f $DEFAULTFILE ]; then
 . $DEFAULTFILE
fi

if [ "$#" -eq 2 ]; then
 RES="$1"
 CMD="$2"
else
 RES="all"
 CMD="$1"
fi

## EXIT CODES
# since this is a "legacy heartbeat R1 resource agent" script,
# exit codes actually do not matter that much as long as we conform to
#  http://wiki.linux-ha.org/HeartbeatResourceAgent
# but it does not hurt to conform to lsb init-script exit codes,
# where we can.
#  http://refspecs.linux-foundation.org/LSB_3.1.0/
#LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/iniscrptact.html
####

drbd_set_role_from_proc_drbd()
{
local out
if ! test -e /proc/drbd; then
ROLE="Unconfigured"
return
fi

dev=$( $DRBDADM sh-dev $RES )
minor=${dev#/dev/drbd}
if [[ $minor = *[!0-9]* ]] ; then
# sh-minor is only supported since drbd 8.3.1
minor=$( $DRBDADM sh-minor $RES )
fi
if [[ -z $minor ]] || [[ $minor = *[!0-9]* ]] ; then
ROLE=Unknown
return
fi

if out=$(sed -ne "/^ *$minor: cs:/ { s/:/ /g; p; q; }" /proc/drbd); then
set -- $out
ROLE=${5%/**}
: ${ROLE:=Unconfigured} # if it does not show up
else
ROLE=Unknown
fi
}

case "$CMD" in
   start)
# try several times, in case heartbeat deadtime
# was smaller than drbd ping time
try=6
while true; do
$DRBDADM primary $RES && break
let "--try" || exit 1 # LSB generic error
sleep 1
done
;;
   stop)
# heartbeat (haresources mode) will retry failed stop
# for a number of times in addition to this internal retry.
try=3
while true; do
$DRBDADM secondary $RES && break
# We used to lie here, and pretend success for anything != 11,
# to avoid the reboot on failed stop recovery for "simple
# config errors" and such. But that is incorrect.
# Don't lie to your cluster manager.
# And don't do config errors...
let --try || exit 1 # LSB generic error
sleep 1
done
;;
   status)
if [ "$RES" = "all" ]; then
   echo "A resource name is required for status inquiries."
   exit 10
fi
ST=$( $DRBDADM role $RES )
ROLE=${ST%/**}
case $ROLE in
Primary|Secondary|Unconfigured)
# expected
;;
*)
# unexpected. whatever...
# If we are unsure about the state of a resource, we need to
# report it as possibly running, so heartbeat can, after failed
# stop, do a recovery by reboot.
# drbdsetup may fail for obscure reasons, e.g. if /var/lock/ is
# suddenly readonly.  So we retry by parsing /proc/drbd.
drbd_set_role_from_proc_drbd
esac
case $ROLE in
Primary)
echo "running (Primary)"
exit 0 # LSB status "service is OK"
;;
Secondary|Unconfigured)
echo "stopped ($ROLE)"
exit 3 # LSB status "service is not running"
;;
*)
# NOTE the "running" in below message.
# this is a "heartbeat" resource script,
# the exit code is _ignored_.
echo "cannot determine status, may be running ($ROLE)"
exit 4 #  LSB status "service status is unknown"
;;
esac
;;
   *)
echo "Usage: drbddisk [resource] {start|stop|status}"
exit 1
;;
esac

exit 0

 　　创建管理MySQL脚本

# cat /usr/local/heartbeat/etc/ha.d/resource.d/mysql_heartbeat 
#!/bin/sh

. /etc/init.d/functions
[ $# -ne 1 ] && {
echo "USAGE:{start|stop|restart}"
exit 1
}
start(){
if [ -e /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ]
then
  echo "MySQL is running."
else
  /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock  &>/dev/null &
  action  "MySQL is starting" /bin/true
  exit 0
fi
}

stop(){
if [ -e /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ]
then
  /usr/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -S /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock shutdown  &>/dev/null
  action "MySQL is stoping" /bin/true
else
  action "MySQL is stoping" /bin/false
  exit 1
fi
}

restart(){
  stop
  sleep 10
  start
}

if [ "$1" == "start" ]
then
  start
elif [ "$1" == "stop" ]
then
  stop
elif [ "$1" == "restart" ]
then
  restart
else
  echo "USAGE:{start|stop|restart}" 
fi

 　　　heartbeat不能使用systemctl管理应用，测试该脚本可以使用参数start stop进行启动及停止测试

　　安装支持命令

yum install -y psmisc

 　　不安装日志会提示没有fuser命令

　　haresources的配置（两台机器配置一样，不一样的是主机名）

# cat /usr/local/heartbeat/etc/ha.d/haresources 
hdp3 IPaddr::192.168.1.100/24/eth0 drbddisk::r0 Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::xfs mysql_heartbeat

# cat /usr/local/heartbeat/etc/ha.d/haresources 
hdp4 IPaddr::192.168.1.100/24/eth0 drbddisk::r0 Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::xfs mysql_heartbeat

 　　启动测试

　　两台主机均启动heartbeat

systemctl start heartbeat

 　　主服务器查看日志

 　　在主服务器创建一个测试数据库

 　　停止主服务器的heartbeat

　　查看主服务器日志

 　　查看备服务器日志

 　　查看数据库，有刚刚参加的库test

　　注意：heartbeat宕机或者是主服务器宕机可以自动切换，但是MySQL应用宕机无法自动切换，可以写一个脚本检测到MySQL有故障则停止heartbeat实现切换

# cat check_mysql.sh 
#!/bin/bash
while true
    do
        if [ `nmap 192.168.1.101 -p 3306|grep open|wc -l` -ne 1 ];then
        systemctl stop heartbeat
        fi
        sleep 5
    done

　　

【推广】 免费学中医，健康全家人
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/minseo/p/13343654.html