Tomcat基本配置

第二十六课 Tomcat基本配置

一、 Tomcat介绍
二、安装jdk
三、安装Tomcat
四、配置Tomcat监听80端口
五、配置Tomcat虚拟主机
六、 Tomcat日志
七、扩展

一、 Tomcat介绍

Tomcat 是什么

Tomcat 是由 Apache软件基金会开发的一个 Servlet 容器，实现了对 Servlet 和 JSP 的支持，并提供了作为Web服务器的一些特有功能，如Tomcat管理和控制平台、安全域管理和Tomcat阀等。

由于 Tomcat 本身也内含了一个 HTTP 服务器，它也可以被视作一个单独的 Web 服务器。但是，不能将 Tomcat 和 Apache HTTP 服务器混淆，Apache HTTP 服务器是一个用 C 语言实现的 HTTP Web 服务器；这两个 HTTP web server 不是捆绑在一起的。Tomcat 包含了一个配置管理工具，也可以通过编辑XML格式的配置文件来进行配置。

tomcat是一个中间件，真正起作用解析java脚本的是jdk。jdk（java development kit）是整个java的核心，它包含了java运行环境和一堆java相关的工具以及java基础库。

最主流的jdk为sun公司发布的jdk，除此之外，其实IBM公司也有发布JDK，CentOS上也可以用yum安装openjdk

java程序写的网站用tomcat+jdk来运行

二、安装jdk

1.从Orcale官网下载当前的jdk版本，然后上传到服务器上

当前下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html

2.解压jdk包

[root@tomcat8 ~]# ls -l /usr/local/src/
total 195752
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 190890122 May 23 21:09 jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz
//解压jdk包
[root@tomcat8 src]# tar -zxf jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz 
[root@tomcat8 src]# ll
total 195752
drwxr-xr-x 8   10  143       255 Mar 28 20:18 jdk1.8.0_171
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 190890122 May 23 21:09 jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz

3.移动jdk包到/usr/local/下

[root@tomcat8 src]# ls -ld /usr/local/jdk1.8/
drwxr-xr-x 8 10 143 255 Mar 28 20:18 /usr/local/jdk1.8/

4.新建jdk环境变量

[root@tomcat8 src]# vim /etc/profile
//在文件末尾添加如下内容
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8/
export JAVA_BIN=$JAVA_HOME/bin
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/charsets.jar 

//使环境变量立即生效
[root@tomcat8 src]# source /etc/profile

5.测试jdk环境是否生效

[root@tomcat8 src]# source /etc/profile
[root@tomcat8 src]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_171"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_171-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.171-b11, mixed mode)

三、安装Tomcat

1.下载tomcat源码包，这里以tomcat-8.5.31为例

[root@tomcat8 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@tomcat8 src]#  wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.31/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz
--2018-07-16 03:43:30--  https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.31/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz
Resolving archive.apache.org (archive.apache.org)... 163.172.17.199
Connecting to archive.apache.org (archive.apache.org)|163.172.17.199|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 9552281 (9.1M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz’

100%[=====================================================================================>] 9,552,281    120KB/s   in 2m 35s 

2018-07-16 03:46:06 (60.2 KB/s) - ‘apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz’ saved [9552281/9552281]

[root@tomcat8 src]# ls -lh
total 192M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9.2M Apr 27 16:47 apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 183M May 23 21:09 jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz

2.解压tomcat并移动到/usr/local

[root@tomcat8 src]# tar -zxf apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz 
[root@tomcat8 src]# ll
total 195752
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root       160 Jul 16 03:49 apache-tomcat-8.5.31
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   9552281 Apr 27 16:47 apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 190890122 May 23 21:09 jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@tomcat8 src]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.31 /usr/local/tomcat
[root@tomcat8 src]# ls -ld /usr/local/tomcat/
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 160 Jul 16 03:49 /usr/local/tomcat/

3.启动tomcat

[root@tomcat8 src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

//检测是否正常启动
[root@tomcat8 src]# netstat -nltup | grep java
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      1267/java           
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8005          :::*                    LISTEN      1267/java           
tcp6       0      0 :::8009                 :::*                    LISTEN      1267/java

本地测试

[root@tomcat8 src]# curl -x:127.0.0.1:80 127.0.0.1:8080
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <title>Apache Tomcat/8.5.31</title>
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    </head>

....中间略...

                        </ul>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <br class="separator" />
            </div>
            <p class="copyright">Copyright &copy;1999-2018 Apache Software Foundation.  All Rights Reserved</p>
        </div>
    </body>

</html>

远程浏览器测试

四、配置Tomcat监听80端口

Tomcat默认侦听的是8080端口，不是很方便。可以通过修改配置文件的方式将默认侦听的端口改为80.

[root@tomcat8 src]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
//修改如下字段
Connector port="8080"---->Connector port="80"
//停止tomcat
[root@tomcat8 src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
//启动tomcat
[root@tomcat8 src]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
//注意，tomcat没有restart参数，需要用shutdown.sh关闭，然后再用Startup启动。

本地测试

[root@tomcat8 src]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 127.0.0.1



<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <title>Apache Tomcat/8.5.31</title>
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    </head>

...中间略...

            </div>
            <p class="copyright">Copyright &copy;1999-2018 Apache Software Foundation.  All Rights Reserved</p>
        </div>
    </body>

远程浏览器测试

五、配置Tomcat虚拟主机

这里以增加虚拟主机www.tomcattest.com为例

[root@tomcat8 src]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
...略...
//默认虚拟主机的配置<Host...> </Host>表示一个虚拟主机
      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

      </Host>

//增加www.tomcattest.com虚拟主机配置
<Host name="www.tomcattest.com" appBase=""
    unpackWARs= "true" autoDeploy="true"
    xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
    <Context path="" docBase="/data/wwwroot/tomcattest.com/" debug="0" reloadable="true" crossContext="true"/>
</Host>

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh      
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh  
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/tomcattest.com 
[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# ls -ld  /data/wwwroot/tomcattest.com  
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 37 Jul 16 04:21 /data/wwwroot/tomcattest.com
//新建测试文件
[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# vim 1.html  
[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# cat 1.html 
I am www.tomcattest.com!
[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# mv /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp /data/wwwroot/tomcattest/index.jsp

本地测试

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.tomcattest.com/1.html
I am www.tomcattest.com!

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.tomcattest.com/index.jsp -I
HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Mon, 16 Jul 2018 08:33:23 GMT

远程浏览器测试

Zrblog的安装

1.从官网下载zrblog的安装包并上传到服务器

2.将程序复制到webapp目录

//因为与默认网站的目录重名，ROOT.war解压后将默认网站的内容覆盖了
//如果不想覆盖默认网站，请在拷入ROOT目录前改名
[root@tomcat8 ~]# ls /usr/local/src/
apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz  jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz  ROOT.war
[root@tomcat8 ~]# cd !$
cd /usr/local/src/
[root@tomcat8 src]# mv ROOT.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@tomcat8 src]# cd !$
cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@tomcat8 webapps]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/webapps
[root@tomcat8 webapps]# ls
docs  examples  host-manager  manager  ROOT  ROOT.war

3.新建zrlog数据库用户

[root@tomcat8 init.d]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database zrlog;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all on zrlog.* to 'zrlogadmin'@127.0.0.1 identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

4.进入安装向导

如果不想利用默认的网站，可将应用程序放入相应定义的目录即可。.war包在appbase定义的目录下

会自动解压。已经解压好的网站程序，也可以放到docbase定义的目录下。

六、 Tomcat日志

tomcat日志在/usr/local/tomcat/logs/下

其中catalina开头的日志为Tomcat的综合日志，它记录Tomcat服务相关信息，也会记录错误日志。

其中catalina.2017-xx-xx.log和catalina.out内容相同，前者会每天生成一个新的日志。

host-manager和manager为管理相关的日志，其中host-manager为虚拟主机的管理日志。

localhost和localhost_access为虚拟主机相关日志，其中带access字样的日志为访问日志，不带access字样的为默认虚拟主机的错误日志。

访问日志默认不会生成，需要在server.xml中配置一下。

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/logs/
[root@tomcat8 logs]# ls -l
total 140
-rw-r----- 1 root root 63847 Jul 16 04:26 catalina.2018-07-16.log
-rw-r----- 1 root root 63847 Jul 16 04:26 catalina.out
-rw-r----- 1 root root     0 Jul 16 03:51 host-manager.2018-07-16.log
-rw-r----- 1 root root  4134 Jul 16 04:26 localhost.2018-07-16.log
-rw-r----- 1 root root  1730 Jul 16 04:04 localhost_access_log.2018-07-16.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root root     0 Jul 16 03:51 manager.2018-07-16.log

//catalina日志示例
-rw-r----- 1 root root     0 Jul 16 03:51 manager.2018-07-16.log
[root@tomcat8 logs]# head -n 5  catalina.2018-07-16.log
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.812 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version:        Apache Tomcat/8.5.31
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built:          Apr 27 2018 20:24:25 UTC
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number:         8.5.31.0
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name:               Linux
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version:            3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64

//catalina.out日志示例
[root@tomcat8 logs]# head -n 5 catalina.out
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.812 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version:        Apache Tomcat/8.5.31
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built:          Apr 27 2018 20:24:25 UTC
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number:         8.5.31.0
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name:               Linux
16-Jul-2018 03:51:21.816 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version:            3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64

//localhost_access日志示例
[root@tomcat8 logs]# head -n 5 localhost_access_log.2018-07-16.txt 
10.0.1.229 - - [16/Jul/2018:03:53:06 -0400] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 11250
10.0.1.229 - - [16/Jul/2018:03:53:06 -0400] "GET /tomcat.png HTTP/1.1" 200 5103
10.0.1.229 - - [16/Jul/2018:03:53:06 -0400] "GET /tomcat.css HTTP/1.1" 200 5581
10.0.1.229 - - [16/Jul/2018:03:53:07 -0400] "GET /bg-upper.png HTTP/1.1" 200 3103
10.0.1.229 - - [16/Jul/2018:03:53:07 -0400] "GET /asf-logo-wide.svg HTTP/1.1" 200 27235

//localhost日志示例
[root@tomcat8 logs]# head -n 5 localhost.2018-07-16.log 
16-Jul-2018 03:51:23.554 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
16-Jul-2018 03:51:23.554 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
16-Jul-2018 03:51:23.556 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: attributeAdded('StockTicker', 'async.Stockticker@371e34e1')
16-Jul-2018 04:00:44.831 INFO [localhost-startStop-2] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
16-Jul-2018 04:00:44.831 INFO [localhost-startStop-2] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()

//配置www.tomcattest.com的访问日志
[root@tomcat8 logs]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

      </Host>
      <Host name="www.tomcattest.com" appBase=""
      unpackWARs= "true" autoDeploy="true"
      xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
      <Context path="" docBase="/data/wwwroot/tomcattest.com/" debug="0" reloadable="true" crossContext="true"/>
      //增加日志配置
      <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs/tomcattest"
      prefix="localhost_access" suffix=".log"
      pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
</Host>

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8//jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# ls
localhost_access.2018-07-16.log

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.tomcattest.com/1.html
I am www.tomcattest.com!

[root@tomcat8 tomcattest]# cat localhost_access.2018-07-16.log
127.0.0.1 - - [16/Jul/2018:04:52:41 -0400] "GET /1.html HTTP/1.1" 200 25