本文概要：
敏捷开发大家想必知道并且评价甚高，缩短开发周期，提高开发质量。将大project独立为不同的小app开发，整个开发过程，程序可用可測，所以提高了总体的质量。基于这样的开发模式和开发理念，进程间通信必定是童鞋们必掌握技能之中的一个了，而boost库是众多库中平台支持性非常好，效果非常高之中的一个。做嵌入式或者server等应用的人肯定有所涉及。本文以手冊方式讲述boost共享内存，信号，以及消息队列的编程方式。非常easy，列出最经常使用使用方法，供大家拷贝直接使用。本文出自CSDN-固本培元。转载注明出处-leoluopy@gmail.com。
应用思路注意事项：
信号是进程内通信，非常类似于Qt的信号槽，配合消息队列以及boost多线程使用效果非常好。
共享内存：
#include <boost/interprocess/shared_memory_object.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/mapped_region.hpp>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
using namespace boost::interprocess;
if(argc == 1){ //Parent process
//Remove shared memory on construction and destruction
struct shm_remove
{
shm_remove() { shared_memory_object::remove("MySharedMemory"); }
~shm_remove(){ shared_memory_object::remove("MySharedMemory"); }
} remover;
//Create a shared memory object.
shared_memory_object shm (create_only, "MySharedMemory", read_write);
//Set size
shm.truncate(1000);
//Map the whole shared memory in this process
mapped_region region(shm, read_write);
//Write all the memory to 1
std::memset(region.get_address(), 1, region.get_size());
//Launch child process
std::string s(argv[0]); s += " child ";
if(0 != std::system(s.c_str()))
return 1;
}
else{
//Open already created shared memory object.
shared_memory_object shm (open_only, "MySharedMemory", read_only);
//Map the whole shared memory in this process
mapped_region region(shm, read_only);
//Check that memory was initialized to 1
char *mem = static_cast<char*>(region.get_address());
for(std::size_t i = 0; i < region.get_size(); ++i)
if(*mem++ != 1)
return 1; //Error checking memory
}
return 0;
} 信号通信：
贴出一个经常使用带參数的写法，具体的其它使用方法能够參考文章末的參考文章：
#include <boost/signal.hpp>
#include <boost/thread/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/date_time/posix_time/posix_time.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace boost;
float print_sum(float x, float y)
{
std::cout << "The sum is " << x+y << std::endl;
return x+y;
}
float print_product(float x, float y)
{
std::cout << "The product is " << x*y << std::endl;
return x*y;
}
float print_difference(float x, float y)
{
std::cout << "The difference is " << x-y << std::endl;
return x-y;
}
float print_quotient(float x, float y)
{
std::cout << "The quotient is " << x/y << std::endl;
return x/y;
}
int main()
{
boost::signal<float (float , float )> sig;
sig.connect(0, &print_sum);
sig.connect(1, &print_product);
sig.connect(2, &print_difference);
sig.connect(3, &print_quotient);
// Output 1.6667 because return by the last slot called.
cout << sig(5, 3) << endl;
return 0;
}信号槽删除及堵塞：
Seg 1: Disconnecting slots.
boost::signals::connection c = sig.connect(HelloWorld());
if (c.connected()) {
// c is still connected to the signal
sig(); // Prints "Hello, World!"
}
c.disconnect(); // Disconnect the HelloWorld object
assert(!c.connected()); //c isn't connected any more
sig(); // Does nothing: there are no connected slots
Seg 2:
boost::signals::connection c = sig.connect(HelloWorld());
sig(); // Prints "Hello, World!"
c.block(); // block the slot
assert(c.blocked());
sig(); // No output: the slot is blocked
c.unblock(); // unblock the slot
sig(); // Prints "Hello, World!"
消息队列：
消息队列发送：
#include <boost/interprocess/ipc/message_queue.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace boost::interprocess;
int main ()
{
try{
//Erase previous message queue
message_queue::remove("message_queue");
//Create a message_queue.
message_queue mq
(create_only //only create
,"message_queue" //name
,100 //max message number
,sizeof(int) //max message size
);
//Send 100 numbers
for(int i = 0; i < 100; ++i){
mq.send(&i, sizeof(i), 0);
}
}
catch(interprocess_exception &ex){
std::cout << ex.what() << std::endl;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}消息队列接收：
#include <boost/interprocess/ipc/message_queue.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace boost::interprocess;
int main ()
{
try{
//Open a message queue.
message_queue mq
(open_only //only create
,"message_queue" //name
);
unsigned int priority;
message_queue::size_type recvd_size;
//Receive 100 numbers
for(int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
{
int number;
mq.receive(&number, sizeof(number), recvd_size, priority);
printf("I:%d Rec:%d
",i,number);
if(number != i || recvd_size != sizeof(number))
return 1;
}
}
catch(interprocess_exception &ex){
message_queue::remove("message_queue");
std::cout << ex.what() << std::endl;
return 1;
}
message_queue::remove("message_queue");
return 0;
}
编译命令：
[root@localhost tmp]# g++ boost_queue_send.cpp -o queue_send -lboost_thread -lboost_system [root@localhost tmp]# g++ boost_queue_rec.cpp -o queue_rec -lboost_thread -lboost_system
參考文章：
Boost.Interprocess使用手冊翻译之四：在进程间共享内存 （Sharing
memory between processes）
http://blog.csdn.net/great3779/article/details/7226388
http://blog.csdn.net/bxhj3014/article/details/2082255
http://blog.csdn.net/liuchangyu23/article/details/4584045
http://blog.csdn.net/linkerlin/article/details/2249906
http://blog.csdn.net/liuchangyu23/article/details/4584346