Maven 初学（一）基本概念

Pom中有三个主要元素

Groupid,artifactid,version

goupid 是一个组织唯一的标识例如 com.ibm.www

artifactid 是一个工程呢ID ibm-project

version 代表一个版本例如 com.ibm.www.ibm-project.1.0

maven执行一个目标（goal）有以下几个步骤

prepare-resources 资源的拷贝

compile 源代码拷贝阶段

package 创建jar/war包阶段

install 安装包到本地或者远程库中

mvn clean dependency:copy-dependencies package

clean 首先被执行，

然后dependency:copy-dependencies被执行

然后是package被执行

clean 的 Lifecycle

pre-clean

clean

post-clean

默认 build Lifecycle

validate    验证工程是否正确，所有必要的信息是否有效

Lifecycle Phase Description
validate Validates whether project is correct and all necessary information is
 available to complete the build process.
initialize Initializes build state, for example set properties
generate-sources Generate any source code to be included in compilation phase.
process-sources Process
 the source code, for example, filter any value.
generate-resources Generate resources to be included in the package.
process-resources Copy and process the resources into the destination directory, ready for
 packaging phase.
compile Compile the source code of the project.
process-classes Post-process the generated files from compilation, for example to do bytecode enhancement/optimization on Java classes.
generate-test-sources Generate
 any test source code to be included in compilation phase.
process-test-sources Process the test source code, for example, filter any values.
test-compile Compile the test source code into the test destination
 directory.
process-test-classes Process the generated files from test code file compilation.
test Run tests using a suitable unit testing framework(Junit is one).
prepare-package Perform
 any operations necessary to prepare a package before the actual packaging.
package Take the compiled code and package it in its distributable format, such as a JAR, WAR, or EAR file.
pre-integration-test Perform
 actions required before integration tests are executed. For example, setting up the required environment.
integration-test Process and deploy the package if necessary into an environment where integration tests can be run.
post-integration-test Perform
 actions required after integration tests have been executed. For example, cleaning up the environment.
verify Run any check-ups to verify the package is valid and meets quality criterias.
install Install the
 package into the local repository, which can be used as a dependency in other projects locally.
deploy Copies the final package to the remote repository for sharing with other developers and projects.

Lifecycle Phase	Description
validate	Validates whether project is correct and all necessary information is available to complete the build process.
initialize	Initializes build state, for example set properties
generate-sources	Generate any source code to be included in compilation phase.
process-sources	Process the source code, for example, filter any value.
generate-resources	Generate resources to be included in the package.
process-resources	Copy and process the resources into the destination directory, ready for packaging phase.
compile	Compile the source code of the project.
process-classes	Post-process the generated files from compilation, for example to do bytecode enhancement/optimization on Java classes.
generate-test-sources	Generate any test source code to be included in compilation phase.
process-test-sources	Process the test source code, for example, filter any values.
test-compile	Compile the test source code into the test destination directory.
process-test-classes	Process the generated files from test code file compilation.
test	Run tests using a suitable unit testing framework(Junit is one).
prepare-package	Perform any operations necessary to prepare a package before the actual packaging.
package	Take the compiled code and package it in its distributable format, such as a JAR, WAR, or EAR file.
pre-integration-test	Perform actions required before integration tests are executed. For example, setting up the required environment.
integration-test	Process and deploy the package if necessary into an environment where integration tests can be run.
post-integration-test	Perform actions required after integration tests have been executed. For example, cleaning up the environment.
verify	Run any check-ups to verify the package is valid and meets quality criterias.
install	Install the package into the local repository, which can be used as a dependency in other projects locally.
deploy	Copies the final package to the remote repository for sharing with other developers and projects.

local Repository 本地库

可以在settings文件中设置本地库位置

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
      <localRepository>C:/MyLocalRepository</localRepository>
</settings>

Central Repository 中心库

maven在本地库中不能找到依赖的时候，就回去中心库中寻找

http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/

Remote Repository远程库

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId>
   <artifactId>project</artifactId>
   <version>1.0</version>
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>com.companyname.common-lib</groupId>
         <artifactId>common-lib</artifactId>
         <version>1.0.0</version>
      </dependency>
   <dependencies>
   <repositories>
      <repository>
         <id>companyname.lib1</id>
         <url>http://download.companyname.org/maven2/lib1</url>
      </repository>
      <repository>
         <id>companyname.lib2</id>
         <url>http://download.companyname.org/maven2/lib2</url>
      </repository>
   </repositories>
</project>

使用archetype插件创建工程

C:MVN>mvn archetype:generate
-DgroupId=com.companyname.bank 
-DartifactId=consumerBanking 
-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart 
-DinteractiveMode=false

参考自：http://www.tutorialspoint.com/maven/maven_quick_guide.htm