说明（2018-9-3 22:38:58）：
1. 就是之前问同事要来的作业，有两个格式一样的Excel文件，一个是正确答案，一个是员工作答的。通过代码将两个文件进行比对，把不同之处列出来。
正文：
Sub test1()
Dim wb1 As Worksheet
Dim wb2 As Worksheet
Dim wb As Worksheet
Set wb1 = Workbooks("1.xlsx").Sheets(1)
Set wb2 = Workbooks("2.xlsx").Sheets(1)
Set wb = Workbooks("test.xlsm").Sheets(1)
Dim n As Integer
n = 2
For i = 3 To 14
If wb1.Range("b" & i).Value <> wb2.Range("b" & i).Value Then
wb.Range("a" & n).Value = wb1.Range("a" & i).Value
wb.Range("b" & n).Value = wb1.Range("b" & i).Value
wb.Range("c" & n).Value = wb2.Range("b" & i).Value
n = n + 1
End If
Next
For i = 24 To 31
If wb1.Range("b" & i).Value <> wb2.Range("b" & i).Value Then
wb.Range("a" & n).Value = wb1.Range("a" & i).Value
wb.Range("b" & n).Value = wb1.Range("b" & i).Value
wb.Range("c" & n).Value = wb2.Range("b" & i).Value
n = n + 1
End If
Next
End Sub
效果：
1.xlsx和2.xlsx，有两个数字不一样
在宏文件所在的Excel里的显示结果：
总结：
1. 主要使用了获取工作簿的方法WorkBooks()；用了两个for循环，因为表格不连续；用了一个变量n，控制在主表中向下排列不同数据。
2. WorkBooks()获取工作簿需要文件打开，下一步可以使用open方法，在不用提前打开文件的条件下完成操作。
附件：
Sub test1()
Dim wb1 As Worksheet
Dim wb2 As Worksheet
Dim wb As Worksheet
Dim fileCheck, fileAnswer As String
fileCheck = "Cassie Jiang.xlsx"
fileAnswer = "Correct Answer.xlsx"
'判断文件是否已经打开，如果打开，提示关闭
Set sheetCheck = Workbooks.Open(ThisWorkbook.path + "" + fileCheck).Sheets(1)
Set sheetAnswer = Workbooks.Open(ThisWorkbook.path + "" + fileAnswer).Sheets(1)
Set sheetError = Workbooks(fileAnswer).Sheets(2)
Dim n As Integer
n = 2
For i = 3 To 5
If LCase(Replace(sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) <> LCase(Replace(sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) Then
sheetError.Range("a" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("D6").Value '姓名
sheetError.Range("b" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Row 'Row#
sheetError.Range("c" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Value 'Item(b3,c3合并了，所以要用b3)
sheetError.Range("d" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value 'Trainee's Answer
sheetError.Range("e" & n).Value = sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value 'Correct Answer
n = n + 1
End If
Next
For i = 9 To 61
If LCase(Replace(sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) <> LCase(Replace(sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) Then
sheetError.Range("a" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("D6").Value
sheetError.Range("b" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Row
sheetError.Range("c" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("c" & i).Value
sheetError.Range("d" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value
sheetError.Range("e" & n).Value = sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value
n = n + 1
End If
Next
For i = 66 To 107
If LCase(Replace(sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) <> LCase(Replace(sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) Then
sheetError.Range("a" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("D6").Value
sheetError.Range("b" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Row
sheetError.Range("c" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("c" & i).Value
sheetError.Range("d" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value
sheetError.Range("e" & n).Value = sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value
n = n + 1
End If
Next
Workbooks(fileCheck).Close
Workbooks(fileAnswer).Close (True)
End Sub
修改后：
Sub Check()
Dim sheetCheck, sheetAnswer, sheetError As Worksheet
'筛选、获取trainee文件名
For i = 1 To Workbooks.Count
If Workbooks(i).Name <> "Correct Answer.xlsx" And Workbooks(i).Name <> "micro.xlsm" And LCase(Workbooks(i).Name) <> "personal.xlsb" Then
Set sheetCheck = Workbooks(i).Sheets(1)
Exit For
End If
Next
Set sheetAnswer = Workbooks("Correct Answer.xlsx").Sheets(1) '获取Answer工作表
Set sheetError = Workbooks("Correct Answer.xlsx").Sheets(2) '获取Error工作表
'对比前清除Error比对记录
Dim m As Integer
m = sheetError.UsedRange.Rows.Count
sheetError.Rows("2:" & m).ClearContents
'设置Error里的行号
Dim n As Integer
n = 2
'循环对比
For i = 3 To 5
If LCase(Replace(sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) <> LCase(Replace(sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) Then
sheetError.Range("a" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("D6").Value '姓名
sheetError.Range("b" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Row 'Row#
sheetError.Range("c" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Value 'Item(b3,c3合并了，所以要用b3)
sheetError.Range("d" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value 'Trainee's Answer
sheetError.Range("e" & n).Value = sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value 'Correct Answer
n = n + 1
End If
Next
For i = 9 To 107
If LCase(Replace(sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) <> LCase(Replace(sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value, " ", "")) Then
sheetError.Range("a" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("D6").Value
sheetError.Range("b" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("b" & i).Row
sheetError.Range("c" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("c" & i).Value '这里是c了
sheetError.Range("d" & n).Value = sheetCheck.Range("d" & i).Value
sheetError.Range("e" & n).Value = sheetAnswer.Range("d" & i).Value
n = n + 1
End If
Next
End Sub