Window.document对象 轮播练习

Window.document对象

一、找到元素:

    docunment.getElementById("id");根据id找,最多找一个;
    var a =docunment.getElementById("id");将找到的元素放在变量中;
    docunment.getElementsByName("name");根据name找,找出来的是数组;
    docunment.getElementsByTagName("name");根据标签名找,找出来的是数组;
    docunment.getElementsByClassName("name") 根据classname找,找出来的是数组;

二、操作内容:

 1. 非表单元素:

1)获取内容:

alert(a.innerHTML);标签里的html代码和文字都获取了,标签里面的所有内容。

如:body中有这么一个div:

<div id="me"><b>试试吧</b></div>

在script中用innerHTML获取div中的内容:

    var a= document.getElementById("me");
    alert(a.innerHTML);

结果如下图:

alert(a.innerText);只取里面的文字
    alert(a.outerHTML);包括标签本身的内容(简单了解)

2)设置内容:

a.innerHTML = "<font color=red >hello world </font>";

如果用设置内容代码结果如下,div中的内容被替换了:

 

a.innerText会将赋的东西原样呈现

清空内容:赋值个空字符串

2. 表单元素:

1)获取内容,有两种获取方式:

var t = document.f1.t1; form表单ID为f1里面的ID为t1的input;
    var t = document.getElementById("id"); 直接用ID获取。

alert(t.value); 获取input中的value值;
    alert(t.innerHTML); 获取<textarea> 这里的值 </textarea>;

2)设置内容: t.value="内容改变";

3. 一个小知识点:

<a href="http://www.baidu.com" onclick ="return false">转向百度</a> ;加了return flase则不会跳转,默认是return true会跳转。

按钮也一样,如果按钮中设置return flase 则不会进行提交,利用这个可以对提交跳转进行控制。

三、操作属性

首先利用元素的ID找到该元素,存于一个变量中:

var a = document.getElementById("id");

然后可以对该元素的属性进行操作:

a.setAttribute("属性名","属性值"); 设置一个属性,添加或更改都可以;

a.getAttribute("属性名");获取属性的值;

a.removeAttribute("属性名");移除一个属性。

例子1:做一个问题,如果输入的答案正确则弹出正确,错误弹出错误;

这里在text里面写了一个daan属性,里面存了答案的值,点击检查答案的时候cheak输入的内容和答案是否一样:

Body中代码:

<form>中华民国成立于哪一年?<input type="text" daan="1912年" value="" id="t1" name="t1" />
<input type="button" onclick="check()" id="t2" name="t2" value="检查答案" /></form>

JS中的代码:

function check()
{
    var a=document.getElementById("t1");
    var a1=a.value;
    var a2=a.getAttribute("daan");
    if(a1==a2)
    {
        alert("恭喜你答对了!");
    }
    else
    {
        alert("笨蛋!");
    }
}
 

回答正确时的结果

例子2: 同意按钮,倒计时10秒,同意按钮变为可提交的,这里用了操作属性:disable,来改变按钮的状态,当disabled=”disabled”时按钮不可用。

body中的代码:

<form><input type="submit" id="b1" name="b1" value="同意(10)" disabled="disabled" /></form>

JS中的代码:

var n=10;
var a= document.getElementById("b1");
function bian()
{
    n--;
    if(n==0)
    {
        a.removeAttribute("disabled");
        a.value="同意";
        return;
    }
    else
    {
        a.value= "同意("+n+")";
        window.setTimeout("bian()",1000);
    }
}
window.setTimeout("bian()",1000);

运行的结果:

四、操作样式

首先利用元素的ID找到该元素,存于一个变量中:

var a = document.getElementById("id");

然后可以对该元素的属性进行操作:

a.style="" ; 操作此ID样式的属性。

样式为CSS中的样式,所有的样式都可以用代码进行操作。

document.body.style.backgroundColor="颜色"; 整个窗口的背景色。

操作样式的class:a.className="样式表中的classname" 操作一批样式

例子1:展示图片的自动和手动切换;

Body中的代码,做一个有背景图片的div和两侧的控制对象:

 </div>
            <div id="tuijian" style=" background-image:url(imges/tj1.jpg);">
            <div class="pages" id="p1" onclick="dodo(-1)"></div>
            <div class="pages" id="p2" onclick="dodo(1)"></div>
        </div>

样式表中的代码:

<style type="text/css">
*{
    margin:0px auto;
    padding:0px;
    font-family:"微软雅黑";
}
#tuijian{
    760px;
    height:350px;
    background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
.pages{
    top:200px;
    background-color:#000;
    background-position:center;
    background-repeat:no-repeat;
    opacity: 0.4;
     30px;
    height:60px;
    
}
#p1{
    background-image:url(imges/prev.png);
    float:left;
    margin:150px 0px 0px 10px;
    
}
#p2{
    background-image:url(imges/next.png);
    float:right;
    margin:150px 10px 0px 0px;
}
</style>

JS中的代码,这里主要是每隔3秒中调用一下huan()函数,来将背景图片的样式修改,在点击左右切换的时候变为手动切换,自动切换停止:

<script language="javascript">var jpg =new Array();
jpg[0]="url(imges/tj1.jpg)";
jpg[1]="url(imges/tj2.jpg)";
jpg[2]="url(imges/tj3.jpg)";
var tjimg = document.getElementById("tuijian");
var xb=0;
var n=0;
function huan()
{
    xb++;
    if(xb == jpg.length)
    {
        xb=0;
    }
    
    tjimg.style.backgroundImage=jpg[xb];
    if(n==0)
    {
    var id = window.setTimeout("huan()",3000);
    }
    
    
}
function dodo(m)
{   
    n=1;
    xb = xb+m;
    if(xb < 0)
    {
        xb = jpg.length-1;
    }
    else if(xb >= jpg.length)
    {
        xb = 0;
    }
    tjimg.style.backgroundImage=jpg[xb];
}
window.setTimeout("huan()",3000);</script>

效果如下图:

 

五、相关元素操作:

var a = document.getElementById("id");找到a;

var b = a.nextSibling,找a的下一个同辈元素,注意包含空格;

var b = a.previousSibling,找a的上一个同辈元素,注意包含空格;

var b = a.parentNode,找a的上一级父级元素;

var b = a.childNodes,找出来的是数组,找a的下一级子元素;

var b = a.firstChild,第一个子元素,lastChild最后一个,childNodes[n]找第几个;

alert(nodes[i] instanceof Text); 判断是不是文本,是返回true,不是返回flase,用if判断它的值是不是false,可以去除空格。

六、元素的创建、添加、删除:

var a = document.getElementById("id");找到a;

var obj = document.createElement("标签名");创建一个元素

obj.innerHTML = "hello world";添加的时候首先需要创建出一个元素。

a.appendChild(obj);向a中添加一个子元素。

a.removeChild(obj);删除一个子元素。

列表中a.selectedIndex:选中的是第几个;

//a.options[a.selectIndex]按下标取出第几个option对象

七、字符串的操作:

var s = new String(); 或var s ="aaaa";

var s = "hello world";

alert(s.toLowerCase());转小写 toUpperCase() 转大写

alert(s.substring(3,8));从第三个位置截取到第八个位置

alert(s.substr(3,8));从第三个位置开始截取,截取八个字符长度,不写后面的数字是截到最后.

s.split('');将字符换按照指定的字符拆开,放入数组,自动排序

s.length是属性

s.indexOf("world");world在字符串中第一次出现的位置,没有返回-1

s.lastIndexOf("o");o在字符串中最后一次出现的位置

八、日期时间的操作

var d = new Date();当前时间

d.setFullYear(2015,11,6);/*在想要设置的月份上减1设置*/

d.getFullYear:取年份;

 d.getMonth():取月份,取出来的少1;

d.getDate():取天;

d.getDay():取星期几

d.getHours():取小时;

d.getMinutes():取分钟;d.getSeconds():取秒

d.setFullYear():设置年份,设置月份的时候注意-1。

九、数学函数的操作

Math.ceil();大于当前小数的最小整数

Math.floor();小鱼当前小数的最大整数

Math.sqrt();开平方

Math.round();四舍五入

Math.random();随机数,0-1之间

十、小知识点

外面双引号,里面的双引号改为单引号;

在div里面行高设置时,无论设置多么高,所占用的行默认在中间位置(div上下区域内中间——【默认】垂直居中)。

文本框取出来的值是字符串,需要用parseint()转化为数字

s.match(reg); s代表一个字符串,reg代表一个字符串,两者进行匹配,如果两个字符串不匹配,返回一个null。

三、document:
1.找
var d = document.getElementById("元素的ID");
var d = document.getElementsByName("元素名称")
var d = document.getElementsByTagName("标签名")

2.操作元素内容:
(1)表单元素:文本(input:type=text,input:type=password;textarea;input:type=hidden)按钮(submit,reset,button image)选择(radio,checkbox,select,file)
d.value=xxxx;
var s = d.value;

(2)非表单元素:h1...h6,p,div,ul,ol,li
d.innerHTML = xxxx;
var s = d.innerHTML;

3.操作元素属性:
d.setAttribute(名,值)
var s = d.getAttribute(名)
d.removeAttribute(名);

4.操作元素样式:
(1)内联样式:
d.style.backgroundColor = "#FFFF00";
var s = d.style.backgroundColor;
(2)class属性:
d.className=""
5.操作相关元素:
父,子,兄,弟

练习 :

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>无标题文档</title>
<style type="text/css">
*{ margin:0px; padding:0px;}
#tu{ 1280px; height:480px; position:relative; overflow:hidden; margin:30px auto;}
#ta{ 3840px; height:480px; margin-left:0px; transition:0.7s;}
.lie{1263px; height:480px; background-size:contain; overflow:hidden;}
.left{30px; height:70px; position:relative; float:left; color:#FFF; background-color:#000; font-weight:bold; font-size:30px;
opacity:0.4; cursor:pointer; line-height:70px;top:-180px;text-align:center;left:0px; z-index:99; overflow:hidden} .right{30px;height:70px;position:relative; float:right; color:#FFF; background-color:#000; font-weight:bold;
font-size:30px;opacity:0.4; cursor:pointer; line-height:70px;top:-180px; text-align:center;right:0px; z-index:99; overflow:hidden} .left:hover{ overflow:visible; opacity:0.7} .right:hover{ overflow:visible;opacity:0.7} #zuo{ 150px;height:70px; position:relative; float:left;top:-70px; left:30px;background-color:#000;} #zuo1{130px;height:50px; background-size:contain; margin:10px 10px;} #you{ 150px;height:70px; position:relative; float:right;top:-70px;right:30px;background-color:#000;} #you1{130px;height:50px; background-size:contain; margin:10px 10px;} #xdian1{ 20px; height:20px;color:white; line-height:20px; position:relative; float:right; right:30px; bottom:30px; cursor:pointer;} #xdian2{ 20px; height:20px; color:white; line-height:20px; position:relative; float:right; right:30px; bottom:30px; cursor:pointer;} #xdian3{ 20px; height:20px; color:yellow; line-height:20px; position:relative; float:right; right:30px; bottom:30px; cursor:pointer;} </style> </head> <body> <div id="tu" onmouseover="pause()" onmouseout="contin()"> <table id="ta" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr height="480px"> <td class="lie" style="background-image:url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016102513556ix3te.jpg)"></td> <td class="lie" style="background-image:url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/201611011322xmobzr.jpg)"></td> <td class="lie" style="background-image:url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016100510182xjx6n.jpg)"></td> </tr> </table> <div class="left" onclick="dian(-1)">< <div id="zuo"> <div id="zuo1" style="background-image:url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016100510182xjx6n.jpg)" > </div> </div> </div> <div class="right" onclick="dian(1)">> <div id="you"> <div id="you1" style="background-image:url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/201611011322xmobzr.jpg)" > </div> </div> </div> <div id="xdian1" onclick="dianji(1)">●</div> <div id="xdian2" onclick="dianji(2)">●</div> <div id="xdian3" onclick="dianji(3)">●</div> </div> </body> </html> <script language="javascript"> document.getElementById("ta").style.marginLeft="0px"; var xiaodian1=document.getElementById("xdian1"); var xiaodian2=document.getElementById("xdian2"); var xiaodian3=document.getElementById("xdian3"); function huan() { var tp=document.getElementById("ta"); var a=parseInt(tp.style.marginLeft); var tpy=document.getElementById("you1"); var tpz=document.getElementById("zuo1"); if(a<=-2560) { tp.style.marginLeft="0px"; tpz.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016100510182xjx6n.jpg)"; tpy.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/201611011322xmobzr.jpg)"; tpz.style.transition="0.7s"; tpy.style.transition="0.7s"; xiaodian3.style.color="yellow"; xiaodian2.style.color="white"; xiaodian1.style.color="white"; } else if(a==-1280) { tp.style.marginLeft=-2560+"px"; tpz.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/201611011322xmobzr.jpg)"; tpy.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016102513556ix3te.jpg)"; tpz.style.transition="0.7s"; tpy.style.transition="0.7s"; xiaodian1.style.color="yellow"; xiaodian2.style.color="white"; xiaodian3.style.color="white"; } else if(a==0) { tp.style.marginLeft=-1280+"px"; tpy.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016100510182xjx6n.jpg)"; tpz.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016102513556ix3te.jpg)"; tpz.style.transition="0.7s"; tpy.style.transition="0.7s"; xiaodian2.style.color="yellow"; xiaodian1.style.color="white"; xiaodian3.style.color="white"; } id=window.setTimeout("huan()",3000); } var id=window.setTimeout("huan()",3000); function pause() { window.clearTimeout(id); } function contin() { id = window.setTimeout("huan()",3000); } function dian(m) { var tp=document.getElementById("ta"); var a=parseInt(tp.style.marginLeft); var tpy=document.getElementById("you1"); var tpz=document.getElementById("zuo1"); if(m==-1) { if(a==0) { tp.style.marginLeft=-2560+"px"; tpz.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/201611011322xmobzr.jpg)"; tpy.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016102513556ix3te.jpg)"; tpz.style.transition="0.7s"; tpy.style.transition="0.7s"; xiaodian1.style.color="yellow"; xiaodian2.style.color="white"; xiaodian3.style.color="white"; } else if(a==-1280) { tp.style.marginLeft="0px"; tpz.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016100510182xjx6n.jpg)"; tpy.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/201611011322xmobzr.jpg)"; tpz.style.transition="0.7s"; tpy.style.transition="0.7s"; xiaodian3.style.color="yellow"; xiaodian2.style.color="white"; xiaodian1.style.color="white"; } else if(a==-2560) { tp.style.marginLeft=-1280+"px"; tpy.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016100510182xjx6n.jpg)"; tpz.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016102513556ix3te.jpg)"; tpz.style.transition="0.7s"; tpy.style.transition="0.7s"; xiaodian2.style.color="yellow"; xiaodian1.style.color="white"; xiaodian3.style.color="white"; } } else if(m==1) { if(a==-2560) { tp.style.marginLeft="0px"; tpz.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016100510182xjx6n.jpg)"; tpy.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/201611011322xmobzr.jpg)"; tpz.style.transition="0.7s"; tpy.style.transition="0.7s"; xiaodian3.style.color="yellow"; xiaodian2.style.color="white"; xiaodian1.style.color="white"; } else if(a==-1280) { tp.style.marginLeft=-2560+"px"; tpz.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/201611011322xmobzr.jpg)"; tpy.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016102513556ix3te.jpg)"; tpz.style.transition="0.7s"; tpy.style.transition="0.7s"; xiaodian1.style.color="yellow"; xiaodian2.style.color="white"; xiaodian3.style.color="white"; } else if(a==0) { tp.style.marginLeft=-1280+"px"; tpy.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016100510182xjx6n.jpg)"; tpz.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016102513556ix3te.jpg)"; tpz.style.transition="0.7s"; tpy.style.transition="0.7s"; xiaodian2.style.color="yellow"; xiaodian1.style.color="white"; xiaodian3.style.color="white"; } } } function dianji(i) { var tp=document.getElementById("ta"); var tpy=document.getElementById("you1"); var tpz=document.getElementById("zuo1"); if(i==3) { tp.style.marginLeft="0px"; tpz.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016100510182xjx6n.jpg)"; tpy.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/201611011322xmobzr.jpg)"; tpz.style.transition="0.7s"; tpy.style.transition="0.7s"; xiaodian3.style.color="yellow"; xiaodian2.style.color="white"; xiaodian1.style.color="white"; } else if(i==2) { tp.style.marginLeft=-1280+"px"; tpy.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016100510182xjx6n.jpg)"; tpz.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016102513556ix3te.jpg)"; tpz.style.transition="0.7s"; tpy.style.transition="0.7s"; xiaodian2.style.color="yellow"; xiaodian1.style.color="white"; xiaodian3.style.color="white"; } else if(i==1) { tp.style.marginLeft=-2560+"px"; tpz.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/201611011322xmobzr.jpg)"; tpy.style.backgroundImage="url(../%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5/2016102513556ix3te.jpg)"; tpz.style.transition="0.7s"; tpy.style.transition="0.7s"; xiaodian1.style.color="yellow"; xiaodian2.style.color="white"; xiaodian3.style.color="white" } } </script>


<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>无标题文档</title>
<style type="text/css">
*{ margin:0px; padding:0px;}
#tu{ 800px; height:500px; position:relative; overflow:hidden; margin:30px auto;}
#ta{ 4000px; height:500px; margin-left:0px; transition:0.7s;}
.lie{800px; height:500px; background-size:contain}
.left{40px; height:100px; position:relative; float:left; color:#FFF; background-color:#000; font-weight:bold; font-size:36px;
opacity:0.4; cursor:pointer; line-height:100px;top:-280px;text-align:center;left:0px; z-index:99} .right{40px;height:100px;position:relative; float:right; color:#FFF; background-color:#000; font-weight:bold; font-size:36px;opacity:0.4;
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原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/maxin991025-/p/6029067.html