Zend Framework 2.1.5 中根据服务器的环境配置调用数据库等的不同配置

在 Zend Framework 1.* 中，可以根据 Apache 服务器的环境配置来让程序调用不同的设置。

主要用于在不同情况下，调用不同的数据库、不同的警告和错误级别等：例如，在开发环境下调用本机数据库和最低级别的警告和错误提示，在测试环境下调用测试数据库和最低级别的警告和错误提示，在发布环境中调用正式数据库和较高级别的警告和错误提示。

在 ZF 1 中，可以在 Apache 的 SetEnv 指令，配合 ZF 1 的 APPLICATION_ENV 常量，以及项目目录中的 /configs/application.ini 来实现这一目的。

Apache 示例：

View Code

 1  1 <VirtualHost *:80>
 2  2    DocumentRoot "E:/ZF1/public"
 3  3    ServerName .local
 4  4 
 5  5    # This should be omitted in the production environment
 6  6    SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development
 7  7 
 8  8    <Directory "E:/ZF1/public">
 9  9        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
10 10        AllowOverride All
11 11        Order allow,deny
12 12        Allow from all
13 13    </Directory>
14 14 
15 15 </VirtualHost>

/public/index.php 入口文件示例：

View Code

 1 <?php
 2 
 3 // Define path to application directory
 4 defined('APPLICATION_PATH')
 5     || define('APPLICATION_PATH', realpath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../application'));
 6 
 7 // Define application environment
 8 defined('APPLICATION_ENV')
 9     || define('APPLICATION_ENV', (getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') ? getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') : 'production'));
10 
11 // Ensure library/ is on include_path
12 set_include_path(implode(PATH_SEPARATOR, array(
13     realpath(APPLICATION_PATH . '/../library'),
14     get_include_path(),
15 )));
16 
17 /** Zend_Application */
18 require_once 'Zend/Application.php';
19 
20 // Create application, bootstrap, and run
21 $application = new Zend_Application(
22     APPLICATION_ENV,
23     APPLICATION_PATH . '/configs/application.ini'
24 );
25 $application->bootstrap()
26             ->run();

/configs/application.ini 配置文件示例：

View Code

 1 [production]
 2 phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 0
 3 phpSettings.display_errors = 0
 4 includePaths.library = APPLICATION_PATH "/../library"
 5 bootstrap.path = APPLICATION_PATH "/Bootstrap.php"
 6 bootstrap.class = "Bootstrap"
 7 appnamespace = "Application"
 8 resources.frontController.controllerDirectory = APPLICATION_PATH "/controllers"
 9 resources.frontController.params.displayExceptions = 0
10 
11 [staging : production]
12 
13 [testing : production]
14 phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 1
15 phpSettings.display_errors = 1
16 
17 [development : production]
18 phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 1
19 phpSettings.display_errors = 1
20 resources.frontController.params.displayExceptions = 1

在 ZF 2 中，没有提供这一方法，只提供了用本地配置文件替换全局配置文件的方法，即在 /config/autoload 文件夹中可以放置 *global.php 文件，并在其中放置全局配置数组，再放置 *local.php 配置文件，在其中放置本地配置数组。

在载入时，会自动用 local 配置覆盖 global 配置，同时利用 svn 和 git 等版本控制工具，将 *local.php 排除在提交文件之外，以保证本地配置文件不会影响到生产环境和其他人。

但是这种方法有局限性，一是利用了 svn 和 git 的特性，二是只有两级配置。

以下提供一种类似于 ZF 1 的解决方案，思路是根据 Apache 中 SetEnv 指令设置的 APPLICATION_ENV 变量来设置 PHP 的 APPLICATION_ENV 常量，再根据此常量值来载入不同的配置文件。

Apache 示例：

View Code

 1 Listen 6001
 2 NameVirtualHost *:6001
 3 
 4 <Directory "E:/clbx.cn/public">
 5     AllowOverride All
 6     Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec
 7     <Limit GET POST OPTIONS>
 8         Order allow,deny
 9         Allow from all
10     </Limit>
11     <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS>
12         Order deny,allow
13         Deny from all
14     </LimitExcept>
15 </Directory>
16 
17 <VirtualHost *:6001>
18     SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development
19     ServerAdmin admin@huigu.com
20     DocumentRoot "E:/clbx.cn/public"
21     ServerName local.zlbx.cn
22     ErrorLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-error.log"
23     CustomLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-access.log" common
24 </VirtualHost>
25 
26 Listen 6002
27 NameVirtualHost *:6002
28 
29 <VirtualHost *:6002>
30     SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV local
31     ServerAdmin admin@huigu.com
32     DocumentRoot "E:/clbx.cn/public"
33     ServerName local.zlbx.cn
34     ErrorLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-error.log"
35     CustomLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-access.log" common
36 </VirtualHost>
37 
38 Listen 6003
39 NameVirtualHost *:6003
40 
41 <VirtualHost *:6003>
42     SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV test
43     ServerAdmin admin@huigu.com
44     DocumentRoot "E:/clbx.cn/public"
45     ServerName local.zlbx.cn
46     ErrorLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-error.log"
47     CustomLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-access.log" common
48 </VirtualHost>
49 
50 Listen 6004
51 NameVirtualHost *:6004
52 
53 <VirtualHost *:6004>
54     SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV production
55     ServerAdmin admin@huigu.com
56     DocumentRoot "E:/clbx.cn/public"
57     ServerName local.zlbx.cn
58     ErrorLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-error.log"
59     CustomLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-access.log" common
60 </VirtualHost>

注意其中带有 SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV 指令的那些行。这样在带有不同端口时，就会产生不同的 APPLICATION_ENV 变量值。

项目 /public/index.php 入口文件：

View Code

 1 <?php
 2 /**
 3  * This makes our life easier when dealing with paths. Everything is relative
 4  * to the application root now.
 5  */
 6 chdir(dirname(__DIR__));
 7 
 8 // Define application environment
 9 defined('APPLICATION_ENV')
10     || define('APPLICATION_ENV', (getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') ? getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') : 'development'));
11 
12 // Setup autoloading
13 require 'init_autoloader.php';
14 
15 // Run the application!
16 Zend\Mvc\Application::init(require 'config/application.config.php')->run();

注意，下面这三行是原文件没有的：

View Code

1 // Define application environment
2 defined('APPLICATION_ENV')
3     || define('APPLICATION_ENV', (getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') ? getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') : 'development'));

修改 /module/Application/Module.php:

View Code

 1 <?php
 2 return array(
 3     'modules' => array(
 4         'Application',
 5     ),
 6 
 7     'module_listener_options' => array(
 8         'module_paths' => array(
 9             './module',
10             './vendor',
11         ),
12 
13         'config_glob_paths' => array(
14             'config/autoload/{,*.}' . APPLICATION_ENV . '.{global,local}.php', //原为 'config/autoload/{,*.}{global,local}.php',
15         ),
16 
17     ),
18 );

注意第 14 行。

在浏览器中访问 localhost:6001、localhost:6002、localhost:6003、localhost:6004 就会调用不同的配置。

此方案的缺点是不能像 ZF 1 那样，配置之间可以有继承关系，虽然通过修改 /module/Application/Module.php，可以部分实现，总是不够灵活，期待 Zend 官方提供更好的解决方案。

在项目 /config/autoload 文件夹分别建立 development.local.php、test.local.php、test.global.php、production.global.php 文件，分别针对开发环境、本地测试环境、服务器测试环境、产品环境，内容分别如下：

development.local.php：

View Code

 1 <?php
 2 /**
 3  * Global Configuration Override
 4  *
 5  * You can use this file for overriding configuration values from modules, etc.
 6  * You would place values in here that are agnostic to the environment and not
 7  * sensitive to security.
 8  *
 9  * @NOTE: In practice, this file will typically be INCLUDED in your source
10  * control, so do not include passwords or other sensitive information in this
11  * file.
12  */
13 
14 return array(
15     /**
16      * 设置 php 环境。
17      */
18     'phpSettings'   => array(
19         'display_startup_errors'        => true,
20         'display_errors'                => true,
21         'max_execution_time'            => 60,
22         'date.timezone'                 => 'Asia/Shanghai',
23         'mbstring.internal_encoding'    => 'UTF-8',
24     ),
25     'db' => array(
26         'driver'         => 'Pdo',
27         'dsn'            => 'mysql:dbname=development;host=localhost',
28         'driver_options' => array(
29             PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''
30         ),
31     ),
32     'service_manager' => array(
33         'factories' => array(
34             'Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter'
35                     => 'Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterServiceFactory',
36         ),
37     ),
38 );

test.local.php：

View Code

 1 <?php
 2 /**
 3  * Global Configuration Override
 4  *
 5  * You can use this file for overriding configuration values from modules, etc.
 6  * You would place values in here that are agnostic to the environment and not
 7  * sensitive to security.
 8  *
 9  * @NOTE: In practice, this file will typically be INCLUDED in your source
10  * control, so do not include passwords or other sensitive information in this
11  * file.
12  */
13 
14 return array(
15     /**
16      * 设置 php 环境。
17      */
18     'phpSettings'   => array(
19         'display_startup_errors'        => true,
20         'display_errors'                => true,
21         'max_execution_time'            => 60,
22         'date.timezone'                 => 'Asia/Shanghai',
23         'mbstring.internal_encoding'    => 'UTF-8',
24     ),
25     'db' => array(
26         'driver'         => 'Pdo',
27         'dsn'            => 'mysql:dbname=testlocal;host=localhost',
28         'driver_options' => array(
29             PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''
30         ),
31     ),
32     'service_manager' => array(
33         'factories' => array(
34             'Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter'
35                     => 'Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterServiceFactory',
36         ),
37     ),
38 );

test.global.php：

View Code

 1 <?php
 2 /**
 3  * Global Configuration Override
 4  *
 5  * You can use this file for overriding configuration values from modules, etc.
 6  * You would place values in here that are agnostic to the environment and not
 7  * sensitive to security.
 8  *
 9  * @NOTE: In practice, this file will typically be INCLUDED in your source
10  * control, so do not include passwords or other sensitive information in this
11  * file.
12  */
13 
14 return array(
15     /**
16      * 设置 php 环境。
17      */
18     'phpSettings'   => array(
19         'display_startup_errors'        => true,
20         'display_errors'                => true,
21         'max_execution_time'            => 60,
22         'date.timezone'                 => 'Asia/Shanghai',
23         'mbstring.internal_encoding'    => 'UTF-8',
24     ),
25     'db' => array(
26         'driver'         => 'Pdo',
27         'dsn'            => 'mysql:dbname=testglobal;host=localhost',
28         'driver_options' => array(
29             PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''
30         ),
31     ),
32     'service_manager' => array(
33         'factories' => array(
34             'Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter'
35                     => 'Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterServiceFactory',
36         ),
37     ),
38 );

production.global.php：

View Code

 1 <?php
 2 /**
 3  * Global Configuration Override
 4  *
 5  * You can use this file for overriding configuration values from modules, etc.
 6  * You would place values in here that are agnostic to the environment and not
 7  * sensitive to security.
 8  *
 9  * @NOTE: In practice, this file will typically be INCLUDED in your source
10  * control, so do not include passwords or other sensitive information in this
11  * file.
12  */
13 
14 return array(
15     /**
16      * 设置 php 环境。
17      */
18     'phpSettings'   => array(
19         'display_startup_errors'        => true,
20         'display_errors'                => true,
21         'max_execution_time'            => 60,
22         'date.timezone'                 => 'Asia/Shanghai',
23         'mbstring.internal_encoding'    => 'UTF-8',
24     ),
25     'db' => array(
26         'driver'         => 'Pdo',
27         'dsn'            => 'mysql:dbname=production;host=localhost',
28         'driver_options' => array(
29             PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''
30         ),
31     ),
32     'service_manager' => array(
33         'factories' => array(
34             'Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter'
35                     => 'Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterServiceFactory',
36         ),
37     ),
38 );