Xshell连接Centos7.5和yum

目 录

第1章 Centos7 IP地址的配置    1

1.1 第一种配置ip方法（nmtui）    1

1.2 第二种 修改网卡配置文件    5

1.2.1 使用cat查看配置文件    5

1.2.2 使用sed命令更改IP地址    6

第2章 xshell的优化    6

2.1 xshell连接失败、排错思路    6

第3章 CentosOS7.5 修改语言支持    7

3.1 查看当前系统语言支持    7

3.2 清屏    7

3.3 虚拟机通过net网络模式上网，排错思路    7

第4章 yum    7

4.1 yum    7

4.2 Sentos7.5构建国内yum源    8

第5章 虚拟机的快照以及克隆    9

5.1 虚拟机的快照    9

5.2 虚拟机的克隆    9

  1. Centos7 IP地址的配置

  2. 第一种配置ip方法（nmtui）

nmtui

使用方向键、tab、空格、回车操作

  1. 第二种 修改网卡配置文件

    1. 使用cat查看配置文件

cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

[root@majinhai ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

PROXY_METHOD=none

BROWSER_ONLY=no

BOOTPROTO=none

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=ens33

UUID=c32bc0de-5592-4f17-89b9-51ead27064c9

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=10.0.0.200

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=10.0.0.254

DNS1=114.114.114.114

IPV6_PRIVACY=no

[root@majinhai ~]#

BOOTPROTO=none/start/dhcp #网卡获取ip地址的方式

        none/start 手动配置ip

        dhcp        自动获取ip

    ONBOOT=yes/no

                    yes 是开机启动状态    

                    no    开启禁用状态

    IPADDR=10.0.0.100 #配置IP地址

    PREFIX=24 或者    NETMASK=255.255.255.0    #子网掩码

    GATEWAY=10.0.0.254        #网关

    DNS1=114.114.114.114        #配置DNS 可以写三个

  1. 使用sed命令更改IP地址

sed -i 's/IPADDR=10.0.0.200/IPADDR=10.0.0.100/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

[root@majinhai ~]# sed -i 's/IPADDR=10.0.0.200/IPADDR=10.0.0.100/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

[root@majinhai ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

PROXY_METHOD=none

BROWSER_ONLY=no

BOOTPROTO=none

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=ens33

UUID=c32bc0de-5592-4f17-89b9-51ead27064c9

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=10.0.0.100

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=10.0.0.254

DNS1=114.114.114.114

IPV6_PRIVACY=no

修改开机启动sed –i 's/ONBOOT=no/ONBOOT=yes/g' /etc/sysconfig/netowek-script/ifcfg-ens33

[root@majinhai ~]# sed -i 's/ONBOOT=no/ONBOOT=yes/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

[root@majinhai ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

PROXY_METHOD=none

BROWSER_ONLY=no

BOOTPROTO=none

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=ens33

UUID=c32bc0de-5592-4f17-89b9-51ead27064c9

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=10.0.0.100

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=10.0.0.254

DNS1=114.114.114.114

IPV6_PRIVACY=no

 

sed –i 's/BOOTPROTO=dhcp/BOOTPROTO=none/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

[root@majinhai ~]# sed -i 's/BOOTPROTO=dhcp/BOOTPROTO=none/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

[root@majinhai ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

PROXY_METHOD=none

BROWSER_ONLY=no

BOOTPROTO=none

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=ens33

UUID=c32bc0de-5592-4f17-89b9-51ead27064c9

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=10.0.0.100

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=10.0.0.254

DNS1=114.114.114.114

IPV6_PRIVACY=no

 

修改完之后，使用systemctl restart network重启网络服务，让配置生效

 

  1. Xshell连接Cenos7.5

  2. xshell连接失败、排错思路

    1. ping虚拟机，如果ping不通，检查VMware8网卡的ip地址

    B、关闭selinux

    1. 查看selinux配置文件 cat /etc/selinux/config

[root@majinhai ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config

 

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUX=enforcing

# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:

# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.

# mls - Multi Level Security protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

  1. 修改配置文件关闭selinux

    sed –i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disable/g' /etc/selinux/config

[root@majinhai ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

[root@majinhai ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config

 

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUX=disabled

# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:

# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.

# mls - Multi Level Security protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

  1. 修改完以后重启服务器配置才能生效
  2. setenforce 0 #临时关闭selinux

[root@majinhai ~]# setenforce 0

  1. 关闭firewalld（防火墙）

    systemctl stop firewalld    #临时关闭防火墙

    systemctl disable firewalld        永久关闭防火墙

[root@majinhai ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

[root@majinhai ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

[root@majinhai ~]#

  1. CentosOS7.5 修改语言支持

  2. 查看当前系统语言支持

    echo $LANG

        英文：LANG=en_US.UTF-8

        中文：LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

  1. 清屏

    clear

    ctrl+l

  2. 虚拟机通过net网络模式上网，排错思路

    1. ping www.baidu.com
    2. 检查网关
    3. 检查VMware的虚拟网络编辑器—>服务
    4. 检查windows系统服务
      1. 右键此电脑——》管理——》服务和应用程序——》服务
      2. win+r 键入services.msc
      3. 任务管理器——》服务

  3. yum

  4. yum

    yum是linux系统下的软件包管理器（仓库、库管、菜单）

        路径：/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

        /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

[base] #仓库名称

name= #仓库描述

mirrorlist= #仓库镜像路径

baseurl= #仓库url路径 http://www.baidu.com

enabled= #仓库是否启用 1表示启用，0表示关闭

gpgcheck= #密钥检测 1表示开启，0表示关闭

  1. Sentos7.5构建国内yum源

  2. 下载国内的yum源（aliyun）

    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

    # 如果是最小安装，系统里没有wget命令，就使用下面的命令来实现

    curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

[root@majinhai ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current

Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed

100 2523 100 2523 0 0 31511 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 31537

  1. 下载成功后，使用yum makecache，生成缓存

[root@majinhai ~]# yum makecache

已加载插件：fastestmirror

Determining fastest mirrors

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00

extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

(1/12): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00

base/7/x86_64/primary_db FAILED

http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/03d0a660eb33174331aee3e077e11d4c017412d761b7f2eaa8555e7898e701e0-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com; Unknown error"

正在尝试其它镜像。

(2/12): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 172 kB 00:00:00

(3/12): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 110 kB 00:00:00

(4/12): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 588 kB 00:00:00

(5/12): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.5 MB 00:00:00

(6/12): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 2.4 MB 00:00:00

(7/12): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 373 kB 00:00:00

(8/12): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 4.3 MB 00:00:00

(9/12): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.9 MB 00:00:00

base/7/x86_64/filelists_db FAILED

http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/f35d0029ad59e9fca0823be708150f5ee28ee1707cdc9bdaf420da676daafe28-filelists.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"

正在尝试其它镜像。

extras/7/x86_64/prestodelta FAILED

http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/repodata/6c971648c41e83b5a7036ff70e79fee7f28c3b480d2f76001e6df8cfde507ab2-prestodelta.xml.gz: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"

正在尝试其它镜像。

(10/12): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:00

(11/12): extras/7/x86_64/prestodelta | 68 kB 00:00:00

updates/7/x86_64/prestodelta FAILED

http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/repodata/78b732b6beb1c39406c440264f8bc168484b4600e3a418d0b6919dad291f7037-prestodelta.xml.gz: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"

正在尝试其它镜像。

(12/12): updates/7/x86_64/prestodelta | 400 kB 00:00:00

元数据缓存已建立

  1. 注意：

    如果有报错需要关闭yum源验证

    sed –i 's/gpgcheck=1/gpgcheck=0/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

[root@majinhai ~]# sed -i 's/gpgcheck=1/gpgcheck=0/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

[root@majinhai ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

# CentOS-Base.repo

#

# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the

# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and

# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates

# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.

#

# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the

# remarked out baseurl= line instead.

#

#

 

[base]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com

failovermethod=priority

baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

 

  1. yum的常用命令：安装常用的工具ifconfig

    查找哪个包包含了ifconfig

[root@majinhai ~]# yum search ifconfig

已加载插件：fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

===================================== 匹配：ifconfig ======================================

net-tools.x86_64 : Basic networking tools

[root@majinhai ~]#

 

安装net-tools

[root@majinhai ~]# yum install -y net-tools

已加载插件：fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

正在解决依赖关系

--> 正在检查事务

---> 软件包 net-tools.x86_64.0.2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7 将被 安装

--> 解决依赖关系完成

 

依赖关系解决

 

===========================================================================================

Package 架构 版本 源 大小

===========================================================================================

正在安装:

net-tools x86_64 2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7 base 305 k

 

事务概要

===========================================================================================

安装 1 软件包

 

总下载量：305 k

安装大小：917 k

Downloading packages:

net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm | 305 kB 00:00:00

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

正在安装 : net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64 1/1

验证中 : net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64 1/1

 

已安装:

net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7

 

完毕！

 

 

输入ifconfig

[root@majinhai ~]# ifconfig

ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255

inet6 fe80::6d25:5198:5939:f0c1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>

ether 00:0c:29:89:21:4f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

RX packets 19634 bytes 26554679 (25.3 MiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 2521 bytes 253823 (247.8 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

 

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536

inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0

inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>

loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)

RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

 

yum list     列表

yum search     搜索

install            安装

        yum install –y net-tools

remove            卸载

        yum remove –y 软件名

  1. yum grouplist

    yum groupstall

    yum groupmove

     

    yum updata（更新linux内核）

  2. 虚拟机的快照以及克隆

  3. 虚拟机的快照             

    1. 建议在关机状态下进行
    2. 虚拟机——》快照——》拍摄快照（备注当前要做快照的虚拟机当前配置状态）

  4. 虚拟机的克隆

    1. 必须在关机状态下进行
    2. 建议使用快照克隆
    3. 建议使用链接克隆
    4. 克隆完后，需要进入虚拟机修改相应的参数
    5. 修改/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33，修改IP地址，并删除UUID
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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/majinhai/p/9534048.html