如果想把mysql安装得好一些，则严重推荐使用压缩包来安装。
一般情况下，现在大部分的服务器都是x86-64，少数是arm架构的。
选择合适的版本，下载即可。
本文中，使用的是 mysql-8.0.22-el7-x86_64.tar.gz （这对centos7的）
为了便于管理，个人推荐的目录
/soft/mysql/program --放myql程序文件
/soft/mysql/config --放mysql的配置文件，配置文件可以随意命名，例如my.ini,my.cnf,my.config之类都无所谓
当然也可以直接使用默认的/etc/my.cnf 路径
下面是大概的步骤：
1.解压文件
2.写好my.cnf
3.初始化
4.启动服务，修改root密码
5.把mysql配置为服务，以便自动启动
这里稍微说下2，3.
步骤2：写my.cnf,重点几个:
1)字符集
2)数据目录
3)端口
4)是否使用root运行（很多时候，我们就用root执行了)
5)密码验证方式
6)是否忽略大小写
7)是否关比bin_log(如果不复制，这个可以节约时间)
8)日志目录
下面是my.cnf的配置例子：
[client] port=3318 [mysql] no-beep default-character-set=UTF8MB4 [mysqld] user=root skip-log-bin port=3318 #不区分大小写(linux设置，windows不设置。linux必须初始化的时候设置) lower_case_table_names=1 # 程序路径 basedir="/soft/mysql-8.0.22-el7-x86_64" # 数据库实例根数据路径 datadir=/data/mysql # 创建数据库和表的默认字符集 character-set-server=UTF8MB4 # 默认存储引擎 default-storage-engine=INNODB # General and Slow logging. log-output=FILE slow-query-log=0 bulk_insert_buffer_size=32M # Error 日志 log-error="mysql.err" # 最大并发会话 max_connections=500 # 所有线程可以允许打开的表数量 table_open_cache=1200 # Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table # grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk # based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many # of them. # 内存临时表大小--如果有许多需要临时表的查询，而且这些临时表都挺大的，可以考虑设置大一些 # 当然前提，是您相对比较阔绰，可以有许多内存 tmp_table_size=32M # How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client # disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't # more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces # the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new # connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance # improvement if you have a good thread implementation.) thread_cache_size=10 # Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables. # Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed. read_buffer_size=0 read_rnd_buffer_size=0 #*** INNODB Specific options *** # innodb_data_home_dir=0.0 # Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled # but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space # and speed up some things. # skip-innodb # If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the # disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are # willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small # transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the # logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and # the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2 # means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log # file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second. #谨慎修改这个参数 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 # The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as # it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed # once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large # (even with long transactions). innodb_log_buffer_size=128m #建议开启严谨模式 innodb_strict_mode=on #密码验证方式 default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
步骤3：初始化
如果使用专有的mysql用户启动配置（这是推荐的）
bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/mysql/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
如果想用root且修改配置文件路径，则可以修改为
bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/config/my.cnf --initialize --user=root
安装为服务
有时候不一定按照下面就可以安装为服务，要看系统的情况。
注意：如果修改了路径则必须修改mysql.server文件
mysql.server一般在support-files下
以下是一般需要修改的片段:
# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.
basedir=/soft/mysql-8.0.22-el7-x86_64
datadir=/data/mysql
复制启动文件 cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
赋予可执行权限：# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
添加为服务：# chkconfig --add mysqld
之后可以使用 systemctl start/stop/status mysqld
也可以直接使用mysql.server start/stop等
最后，申明下，以上的配置仅仅能够满足一般的开发，要想满足高性能的配置，远远不够。
作为一个mysql dba，必须掌握以下知识：
1）mysql 开发
2) linux配置
3) mysql 配置
4)操作系统、网络