Requests库的使用

Requests

  Requests是用python语言基于urllib编写的，是Python实现的简单易用的HTTP库，可以用它来完成大部分HTTP协议行为，例如: HEAD、GET、POST、PUT、PATCH、DELETE请求等。Requests它会比urllib更加方便，可以节约我们大量的工作。

安装方法

  默认安装好python之后，是没有安装requests模块的，需要单独通过pip安装

1、打开终端
2、pip install requests

Requests库的常用方法

方法名	说明	使用方法
get	获取数据	requests.get()
post	提交数据	requests.post()
put	更新数据	requests.put()
delete	删除数据	requests.delete()

response对象的属性

  status_code：响应状态码

  url：响应的地址

  text：响应文本内容

  json()：响应的json对象，就是把 json数据转成了Python中的字典或者列表

  headers：响应头

  cookies：获取响应的cookie信息

示例：

import requests


def weather():
    url = "https://api.apiopen.top/getSingleJoke?sid=28654780"
    # 获取请求数据
    response = requests.get(url)
    # 指定字符编码
    response.encoding = "utf-8"
    return response


if __name__ == '__main__':
    resp = weather()
    print("响应状态码:", resp.status_code)
    print("响应的地址:", resp.url)
    print("响应头:", resp.headers)
    print("响应文本内容:", resp.text)
    print("响应的cookie信息:", resp.cookies)

    data = resp.json()
    print("响应的json数据:", data, type(data))

    # 获取响应的指定数据
    result = data["result"]
    print(result.get("text"))

GET请求

• 无查询参数
• 有查询参数
• 路径参数

示例：

import requests


# 使用get方式查询 - 无参查询
def get_departments():
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/departments/"
    response = requests.get(url)
    return response.json()


# 使用get方式查询 - 有参查询
def get_departments_by_query_params(name):
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/departments/"
    params = {
        "dep_name": {name}
    }
    response = requests.get(url, params=params)
    return response.json()


# 使用get方式查询 - 路径参数查询
def get_departments_by_id(dep_id):
    url = f"http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/departments/{dep_id}"
    response = requests.get(url)
    return response.json()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    result = get_departments()
    print(result)

    result = get_departments_by_query_params("Python学院")
    print(result)

    result = get_departments_by_id("T03")
    print(result)

POST请求

• 提交json数据
• 提交表单数据

示例：

import requests


# 使用post方式提交 - json数据
def add_department():
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/departments/"
    json = {
        "data": [
            {
                "dep_id": "T1001",
                "dep_name": "Test学院",
                "master_name": "Test-Master",
                "slogan": "Here is Slogan"
            }
        ]
    }
    response = requests.post(url, json=json)
    return response.json()


# 使用post方式提交 - 表单数据
def add_department2():
    url = "http://1.117.181.153:8085/admin_login/"
    data = {
        "username": "liyang",
        "password": "admin123"
    }
    response = requests.post(url, data=data)
    return response.json()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    result = add_department()
    print(result)

    result = add_department2()
    print(result)

PUT请求

示例：

import requests


# 使用put方式通过json方式修改数据
def update_department(dep_id, dep_name, master_name):
    url = f"http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/departments/{dep_id}/"
    json = {
        "data": [
            {
                "dep_id": dep_id,
                "dep_name": dep_name,
                "master_name": master_name,
                "slogan": "Here is Slogan"
            }
        ]
    }
    response = requests.put(url, json=json)
    return response.json()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    result = update_department("T1023", "张三丰", "娃哈哈")
    print(result)

DELETE请求

示例：

import requests


# 使用delete请求删除指定json数据
def remove_department(dep_id):
    url = f"http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/departments/{dep_id}/"
    response = requests.delete(url)
    return response.ok


# 使用delete请求删除多个json数据
def remove_departments(dep_id_list):
    # url = f"http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/departments/?$dep_id_list={dep_id_list}"
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/departments/"
    params = {
        "$dep_id_list": dep_id_list
    }
    response = requests.delete(url, params=params)
    return response.ok


if __name__ == '__main__':
    result = remove_department("T10234")
    print("删除成功" if result.__eq__(True) else "删除失败")

    result = remove_departments("T222,T333,333")
    print("删除成功" if result.__eq__(True) else "删除失败")