Python Generator

  本文对《Python Cookbook》中对于生成器部分的讲解进行总结和分析:

  对于生成器我们一般这样使用:

  CODE 1:

lxw Python_Cookbook$ p
Python 3.4.0 (default, Apr 11 2014, 13:05:18) 
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> def countdown(n):
...     print("Start to count from", n)
...     while n > 0:
...          yield n
...          n -= 1
...     print("Done!")
... 
>>> c = countdown(3)
>>> c
<generator object countdown at 0xb7234c5c>
>>> for item in c:
...     print(item)
... 
Start to count from 3
3
2
1
Done!

  让我们用下面的代码来理解生成器的底层工作机制(underlying mechanics):[接上面的代码]

  CODE 2:

>>> d = countdown(3)    #没有输出 "Start to count from 3"
>>> d
<generator object countdown at 0xb711a43c>
>>> next(d)    #输出
Start to count from 3
3
>>> next(d)
2
>>> next(d)
1
>>> next(d)    #继续next出现异常
Done!
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
StopIteration
>>> 

  分析: 

    首先, 生成器和普通函数在形式上是一样的. 如果在普通的函数中出现了yield语句,那么这个函数就变成了生成器.

    在CODE 2部分, 执行语句d = countdown(3)后, 并没有任何的输出显示. 在执行了next(d)语句之后才出现输出. 这说明:

  生成器中的语句只有在next语句执行的时候才会被执行.(The key feature is that a generator function only runs in

  response to “next” operations carried out in iteration.) . 当生成器中的元素全部取完后, 再执行next就会抛出异常.

    在CODE 1部分, 执行语句c = countdown(3)后, 也没有任何的输出显示(这是合理的, 并且与前面的分析一致). 如果通过这

  种方式使用生成器, 则在for循环中会自动获取生成器中的元素, 且不用考虑会因为next而抛出异常.(However, the for statement

  that’s usually used to iterate takes care of these details, so you don’t normally need to worry about them.)

More:

@1: Use the built-in functions.

@2: Use join() instead of "+" to deal with strings.

@3: Use local variables instead of global variables, it's much faster.

@4: Use while 1 instead of while True.

@5:生成器可以帮你节省内存,提高性能。如果正在加载视频,那么可以不需要一下子全部加载完。

>>> chunk = ( 1000 * i for i in xrange(1000))
>>> chunk
<generator object <genexpr> at 0x7f65d90dcaa0>
>>> chunk.next()
0
>>> chunk.next()
1000
>>> chunk.next()
2000

chunk.next() Python 2  和 next(chunk) Python3 都可以

 

Reference:

Python 性能小贴士 (第1部分): https://pycoders-weekly-chinese.readthedocs.org/en/latest/issue1/python-performance-tips-part-1.html?highlight=php

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lxw0109/p/python-generator.html