Amazon2014在线笔试 第三题

  问题描述:

  算法分析:

    s1:层数对齐:分别求两个数所在的层(l1,l2),把层数大的(假设l2>l1)先往上找父节点,从而对齐到l1层;
    s2:两个数同时往上找, 直到找到公共的父节点(一定能找到,最坏情况下是0), 算法结束。

  因此算法的核心就变成了如何找父节点, 求父节点的分析:

    求父节点的时候,总是发现没有规律可循, 最重要的原因就是树中节点序号的增加是一个s型的路线,那么我们是利用这种特殊性

(s型),还是去除这种特殊性;我暂时没有发现如何利用这种特殊性, 所以我就先把树中节点的序号按从左到右的顺序递增,发现这样求

父节点的规律就很明显了,所以就采用了"去除这种特殊性"的方法。那么如何去除:每行中间位置上的节点的序号是有规律的,所以通过中

间数,和求得的父节点序号(不是真实的父节点序号, 如:17/3 == 5, 但实际上17的父节点是11,不是5),得到真实的父节点序号。

    用一个例子来说明, 比如求17的父节点序号:

  先直接求父节点序号(假的):17/3==5,求父节点所在层(2层)中间节点的序号为8, 所以真实的父节点序号是:8*2-5=11]

//File: Solution.java
//Author: lxw
//Time: 2014-10-09
//Usage: Get the common ancestor.
//Method: Align the layers of the 2 numbers. Decrease both of the layers to find the common ancestor.
//NOTE that each time the layer is decreased, we need to convert the number.
import java.util.*; public class Solution{ //I really do not think this function uses a good altorithm. private static int getLayer(int num){ int res = 1; int last = 0; int next = 0; if(num == 0){ return 0; } last = (int)((Math.pow(3, res) - 3.0) / 2.0); while(true){ next = (int)((Math.pow(3, res+1) - 3.0) / 2.0); if(num > last && num <= next){ return res; } ++res; last = next; } } private static int getMid(int layer){ if(layer > 0){ int sum = 0; for(int i = 1; i < layer; ++i){ sum += Math.pow(3, i); } sum += (int)((Math.pow(3, layer) + 1.0) / 2.0); return sum; } else{ return 0; } } //num2Lay >= num1Lay private static int getCommon(int num2Lay, int num1Lay, int num2, int num1){ //层数对齐 while(num1Lay != num2Lay){ if(num2 % 3 == 0){ --num2; } num2 /= 3; --num2Lay; //Each time the layer is decreased, we need to convert the number num2 = 2 * getMid(num2Lay) - num2; } //一起往上找父节点 if(num2 == num1){ return num1; //final answer } else{ while(num2 != num1){ if(num2 % 3 == 0){ --num2; } if(num1 % 3 == 0){ --num1; } num2 /= 3; num1 /= 3; //Since num2Lay == num1Lay, only one of them is needed. //--num2Lay; --num1Lay; //Each time the layer is decreased, we need to convert the number. int mid = 2 * getMid(num1Lay); num2 = mid - num2; num1 = mid - num1; } return num1; } } public static void main(String[] args){ Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); int num1, num2, num1Lay, num2Lay; while(true){ System.out.println("Input:"); num1 = in.nextInt(); num2 = in.nextInt(); num1Lay = getLayer(num1); num2Lay = getLayer(num2); if(num1Lay < num2Lay){ System.out.println(getCommon(num2Lay, num1Lay, num2, num1)); } else{ System.out.println(getCommon(num1Lay, num2Lay, num1, num2)); } System.out.println(); } } }

  写在这里, 如果有人看到话, 希望各位能够互相交流. 肯定有更好的方法, 希望各位不吝赐教.

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lxw0109/p/amazon-oj-3rd.html