SpringMVC框架下的异常处理

在eclipse的javaEE环境下:导包。。。。

 1. 在 @ExceptionHandler 方法的入参中可以加入 Exception 类型的参数, 该参数即对应发生的异常对象
 2. @ExceptionHandler 方法的入参中不能传入 Map. 若希望把异常信息传导页面上, 需要使用 ModelAndView 作为返回值
 3. @ExceptionHandler 方法标记的异常有优先级的问题.
 4. @ControllerAdvice: 如果在当前 Handler 中找不到 @ExceptionHandler 方法来出来当前方法出现的异常,  则将去 @ControllerAdvice 标记的类中查找 @ExceptionHandler 标记的方法来处理异常
 

web.xml文件配置:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

    <!-- 配置 SpringMVC 的 DispatcherServlet -->
    <!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!-- Map all requests to the DispatcherServlet for handling -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
    <!-- 配置 HiddenHttpMethodFilter: 把 POST 请求转为 DELETE、PUT 请求 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

spring的bean的配置文件:springmvc.xml;

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">

    <!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.springmvc"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!--  
        default-servlet-handler 将在 SpringMVC 上下文中定义一个 DefaultServletHttpRequestHandler,
        它会对进入 DispatcherServlet 的请求进行筛查, 如果发现是没有经过映射的请求, 就将该请求交由 WEB 应用服务器默认的 
        Servlet 处理. 如果不是静态资源的请求,才由 DispatcherServlet 继续处理

        一般 WEB 应用服务器默认的 Servlet 的名称都是 default.
        若所使用的 WEB 服务器的默认 Servlet 名称不是 default,则需要通过 default-servlet-name 属性显式指定
        
    -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    
    <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"></mvc:annotation-driven>    
 
    <!-- 配置使用 SimpleMappingExceptionResolver 来映射异常 ,出异常时转到error.jsp页面-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
        <property name="exceptionAttribute" value="ex"></property>
        <property name="exceptionMappings">
            <props>
                <!-- key异常的全类名 ,并且可以在error页面打印异常-->
                <prop key="java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException">error</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>    
        
</beans>

异常处理类,这个是全局的,只要出现了这个异常,在显示出异常值在对应的页面上;

package com.atguigu.springmvc.test;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;


//异常处理类,这个是全局的,只要出现了这个异常,在显示出异常值 
@ControllerAdvice
public class SpringMVCTestExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler({ArithmeticException.class})
    public ModelAndView handleArithmeticException(Exception ex){
        System.out.println("----> 出异常了: " + ex);
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
        mv.addObject("exception", ex);
        return mv;
    }
    
}

自定义的异常:页面会显示状态码和异常值

package com.atguigu.springmvc.test;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;

//自定义的异常:页面会显示状态码和异常值

//value:是一个状态码
@ResponseStatus(value=HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, reason="用户名和密码不匹配!")
public class UserNameNotMatchPasswordException extends RuntimeException{

    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    
}

handler方法:

package com.atguigu.springmvc.test;

@Controller
public class SpringMVCTest {

    @Autowired
    private EmployeeDao employeeDao;
 //这个需要在springmvc.xml文件中进行配置,出现异常后转向到那个页面
    @RequestMapping("/testSimpleMappingExceptionResolver")
    public String testSimpleMappingExceptionResolver(@RequestParam("i") int i){
        String [] vals = new String[10];
        System.out.println(vals[i]);
        return "success";
    }
    
    //对spring的一些特殊异常进行处理,如超链接是get请求,而这儿是post请求,所以会出现异常,显示在页面上
    @RequestMapping(value="/testDefaultHandlerExceptionResolver",method=RequestMethod.POST)
    public String testDefaultHandlerExceptionResolver(){
        System.out.println("testDefaultHandlerExceptionResolver...");
        return "success";
    }
    //类方法,的自定义异常
    @ResponseStatus(reason="测试",value=HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
    @RequestMapping("/testResponseStatusExceptionResolver")
    public String testResponseStatusExceptionResolver(@RequestParam("i") int i){
        if(i == 13){
            throw new UserNameNotMatchPasswordException();
        }
        System.out.println("testResponseStatusExceptionResolver...");
        
        return "success";
    }
    
    //异常处理
    
//    @ExceptionHandler({RuntimeException.class})
//    public ModelAndView handleArithmeticException2(Exception ex){
//        System.out.println("[出异常了]: " + ex);
//        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
//        mv.addObject("exception", ex);
//        return mv;
//    }
    
    /**
     * 1. 在 @ExceptionHandler 方法的入参中可以加入 Exception 类型的参数, 该参数即对应发生的异常对象
     * 2. @ExceptionHandler 方法的入参中不能传入 Map. 若希望把异常信息传导页面上, 需要使用 ModelAndView 作为返回值
     * 3. @ExceptionHandler 方法标记的异常有优先级的问题. 
     * 4. @ControllerAdvice: 如果在当前 Handler 中找不到 @ExceptionHandler 方法来出来当前方法出现的异常, 
     * 则将去 @ControllerAdvice 标记的类中查找 @ExceptionHandler 标记的方法来处理异常. 
     */
//    @ExceptionHandler({ArithmeticException.class})
//    public ModelAndView handleArithmeticException(Exception ex){
//        System.out.println("出异常了: " + ex);
//        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
//        mv.addObject("exception", ex);
//        return mv;
//    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver")
    public String testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver(@RequestParam("i") int i){
        System.out.println("result: " + (10 / i));
        return "success";
    }
    
}

index.jsp页面:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
   
    <br><br>
    <a href="testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver?i=10">Test ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver</a>
    
    <br><br>
    <a href="testResponseStatusExceptionResolver?i=10">Test ResponseStatusExceptionResolver</a>
    
    <br><br>
    <a href="testDefaultHandlerExceptionResolver">Test DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver</a>
    
    <br><br>
    <a href="testSimpleMappingExceptionResolver?i=2">Test SimpleMappingExceptionResolver</a>
</body>
</html>

出现异常转向的页面error.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

    <h4>Error Page</h4>

    ${requestScope.exception }

</body>
</html>
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lxnlxn/p/5940890.html