利用Session实现一次验证码

Session可避免表单的重复提交:实现一次表单提交,可避免恶意提交;

1.首先建立一个Servlet类:ValidateColorServlet,里边有获取验证码的方法,并且验证码是大小写区分:

public class ValidateColorServlet extends HttpServlet {

    public static final String CHECK_CODE_KEY = "CHECK_CODE_KEY";
    
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
    //设置验证图片的宽度, 高度, 验证码的个数
    private int width = 152;
    private int height = 40;
    private int codeCount = 6;
    
    //验证码字体的高度
    private int fontHeight = 4;
    
    //验证码中的单个字符基线. 即:验证码中的单个字符位于验证码图形左上角的 (codeX, codeY) 位置处
    private int codeX = 0;
    private int codeY = 0;
    
    //验证码由哪些字符组成
    char [] codeSequence = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz23456789".toCharArray();
    
    //初始化验证码图形属性
    public void init(){
        fontHeight = height - 2;
        codeX = width / (codeCount + 2);
        codeY = height - 4;
    }

    public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        //定义一个类型为 BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR 类型的图像缓存
        BufferedImage buffImg = null;
        buffImg = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
    
        //在 buffImg 中创建一个 Graphics2D 图像
        Graphics2D graphics = null;
        graphics = buffImg.createGraphics();
        
        //设置一个颜色, 使 Graphics2D 对象的后续图形使用这个颜色
        graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        
        //填充一个指定的矩形: x - 要填充矩形的 x 坐标; y - 要填充矩形的 y 坐标; width - 要填充矩形的宽度; height - 要填充矩形的高度
        graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
        
        //创建一个 Font 对象: name - 字体名称; style - Font 的样式常量; size - Font 的点大小
        Font font = null;
        font = new Font("", Font.BOLD, fontHeight);
        //使 Graphics2D 对象的后续图形使用此字体
        graphics.setFont(font);
        
        graphics.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        
        //绘制指定矩形的边框, 绘制出的矩形将比构件宽一个也高一个像素
        graphics.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);
        
        //随机产生 15 条干扰线, 使图像中的认证码不易被其它程序探测到
        Random random = null;
        random = new Random();
        graphics.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        for(int i = 0; i < 55; i++){
            int x = random.nextInt(width);
            int y = random.nextInt(height);
            int x1 = random.nextInt(20);
            int y1 = random.nextInt(20);
            graphics.drawLine(x, y, x + x1, y + y1);
        }
        
        //创建 randomCode 对象, 用于保存随机产生的验证码, 以便用户登录后进行验证
        StringBuffer randomCode;
        randomCode = new StringBuffer();
        
        for(int i = 0; i < codeCount; i++){
            //得到随机产生的验证码数字
            String strRand = null;
            strRand = String.valueOf(codeSequence[random.nextInt(36)]);
            
            //把正在产生的随机字符放入到 StringBuffer 中
            randomCode.append(strRand);
            
            //用随机产生的颜色将验证码绘制到图像中
            graphics.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            graphics.drawString(strRand, (i + 1)* codeX, codeY);
        }
        
        //再把存放有所有随机字符的 StringBuffer 对应的字符串放入到 HttpSession 中
        request.getSession().setAttribute(CHECK_CODE_KEY, randomCode.toString());
        
        //禁止图像缓存
        response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
        response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
        
        //将图像输出到输出流中
        ServletOutputStream sos = null;
        sos = response.getOutputStream();
        ImageIO.write(buffImg, "jpeg", sos); 
        sos.close();
    }
}

2.index.jsp页面,输入用户名字,输入验证码:checkCode:<input type="text" name="CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME"/>;获取验证码:是以插入图片的形式获取的<img alt="" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/validateColorServlet">,然后form表单提交到Servlet类:CheckCodeServlet

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <font color="red">
        <%=session.getAttribute("message")==null ? "" : session.getAttribute("message") %>
    </font>
    
    <form action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/checkCodeServlet" method="post">
    
        name:<input type="text" name="name"/>
        <br><br>
        checkCode:<input type="text" name="CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME"/>
    
        <img alt="" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/validateColorServlet">
        <br><br>
        <input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

3.建立一个Servlet类:CheckCodeServlet,获取表单输入的验证码和通过session的getsession()方法获取系统给予的验证码,并进行判断,看是否相等,然后重定向到index.jsp页面,输出结果;

public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        //1. 获取请求参数: CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME
        String paramCode = request.getParameter("CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME");
        
        //2. 获取 session 中的 CHECK_CODE_KEY 属性值
        String sessionCode = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute("CHECK_CODE_KEY");
        
        System.out.println(paramCode);
        System.out.println(sessionCode); 
        
        //3. 比对. 看是否一致, 若一致说明验证码正确, 若不一致, 说明验证码错误
        if(!(paramCode == null && !paramCode.equals(sessionCode))){
            request.getSession().setAttribute("message", "验证码不一致!");
            response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/check/index.jsp");
            return;
        }
        
        System.out.println("受理请求!");
        
    }

}

4.lib下的web.xml文件为:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  
  <servlet>
    <description></description>
    <display-name>ValidateColorServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>ValidateColorServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.lanqiao.javatest.ValidateColorServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ValidateColorServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/validateColorServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

<servlet> <description></description> <display-name>CheckCodeServlet</display-name> <servlet-name>CheckCodeServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.lanqiao.javatest.CheckCodeServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>CheckCodeServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/checkCodeServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lxnlxn/p/5824872.html