MFC程序运行流程

->进入入口函数_tWinMain()

程序首先进入文件AppModul.cpp，找到_tWinMain()函数运行，调用其中的AfxWinMain()函数。

由于为了支持UNICODE,C运行库对WinMain其实区分了UNICODE版和ANSI版.对UNICODE版的程序,C运行库将调用wWinMain,而对于ANSI版的应用,则调用WinMain.

文件tchar.h定义:

...
#ifdef  _UNICODE
...
#define _tmain      wmain
#define _tWinMain   wWinMain
...

#else   /* ndef _UNICODE */
...
#define _tmain      main
#define _tWinMain   WinMain
...

MFC的代码设计时是自动支持UNICODE的,所以,MFC的WinMain在APPMODUL.CPP被定义为_tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)，无论用户#define _UNICODE与否,MFC的WinMain都会被调用.

extern "C" int WINAPI
_tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
	_In_ LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
#pragma warning(suppress: 4985)
{
	// call shared/exported WinMain
	return AfxWinMain(hInstance, hPrevInstance, lpCmdLine, nCmdShow);
}

hInstance:表示该程序当前运行的实例句柄，它是一个数值。当程序在Windows下运行时，它唯一标识运行中的实例。

hPrevInstance:父窗口句柄。这个参数在Win32下已经不起作用了。

lpCmpLine:指定传递给应用程序的命令行参数。

nCmdShow:指定程序窗口如何显示，例如最大化、最小化、隐藏等。

->进入AfxWinMain()

int AFXAPI AfxWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
	_In_ LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
	ASSERT(hPrevInstance == NULL);

	int nReturnCode = -1;
	CWinThread* pThread = AfxGetThread();//返回指向theApp的指针
	CWinApp* pApp = AfxGetApp();//返回指向theApp的指针

	// AFX internal initialization
	if (!AfxWinInit(hInstance, hPrevInstance, lpCmdLine, nCmdShow))//初始化应用程序内部环境，设置MFC
		goto InitFailure;

	// App global initializations (rare)
	if (pApp != NULL && !pApp->InitApplication())//初始化应用程序内部环境，设置MFC
		goto InitFailure;

	// Perform specific initializations
	if (!pThread->InitInstance())//完成应用程序相关工作：设计窗口类、注册窗口类、创建窗口类、显示窗口类、更新窗口类
	{
		if (pThread->m_pMainWnd != NULL)
		{
			TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: Destroying non-NULL m_pMainWnd
");
			pThread->m_pMainWnd->DestroyWindow();
		}
		nReturnCode = pThread->ExitInstance();
		goto InitFailure;
	}
	nReturnCode = pThread->Run();//进入消息循环，处理系统消息。

//Run()调用PumpMessage函数,通过调用GetMessage、TranslateMessage、DispatchMessage等建立了消息循环并投递消息。

InitFailure:
#ifdef _DEBUG
	// Check for missing AfxLockTempMap calls
	if (AfxGetModuleThreadState()->m_nTempMapLock != 0)
	{
		TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: Temp map lock count non-zero (%ld).
",
			AfxGetModuleThreadState()->m_nTempMapLock);
	}
	AfxLockTempMaps();
	AfxUnlockTempMaps(-1);
#endif

	AfxWinTerm();
	return nReturnCode;
}

->pThread->InitInstance()

这是个虚函数，pThread指向的是theApp，调用的是子类C***App类中的InitInstance函数。

KuaiPaiClient项目中的该函数为：

BOOL CKuaiPanClientApp::InitInstance()
{
	// InitCommonControlsEx() is required on Windows XP if an application
	// manifest specifies use of ComCtl32.dll version 6 or later to enable
	// visual styles.  Otherwise, any window creation will fail.
	INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX InitCtrls;
	InitCtrls.dwSize = sizeof(InitCtrls);
	// Set this to include all the common control classes you want to use
	// in your application.
	InitCtrls.dwICC = ICC_WIN95_CLASSES;
	InitCommonControlsEx(&InitCtrls);

	CWinAppEx::InitInstance();


	// Initialize OLE libraries
	if (!AfxOleInit())
	{
		AfxMessageBox(IDP_OLE_INIT_FAILED);
		return FALSE;
	}

	AfxEnableControlContainer();

	EnableTaskbarInteraction(FALSE);

	// AfxInitRichEdit2() is required to use RichEdit control	
	// AfxInitRichEdit2();

	// Standard initialization
	// If you are not using these features and wish to reduce the size
	// of your final executable, you should remove from the following
	// the specific initialization routines you do not need
	// Change the registry key under which our settings are stored
	// TODO: You should modify this string to be something appropriate
	// such as the name of your company or organization
	SetRegistryKey(_T("Local AppWizard-Generated Applications"));
	LoadStdProfileSettings(4);  // Load standard INI file options (including MRU)

	InitContextMenuManager();

	InitKeyboardManager();

	InitTooltipManager();
	CMFCToolTipInfo ttParams;
	ttParams.m_bVislManagerTheme = TRUE;
	theApp.GetTooltipManager()->SetTooltipParams(AFX_TOOLTIP_TYPE_ALL,
		RUNTIME_CLASS(CMFCToolTipCtrl), &ttParams);

	// Register the application's document templates.  Document templates
	//  serve as the connection between documents, frame windows and views
	CSingleDocTemplate* pDocTemplate;
	pDocTemplate = new CSingleDocTemplate(
		IDR_MAINFRAME,
		RUNTIME_CLASS(CKuaiPanClientDoc),
		RUNTIME_CLASS(CMainFrame),       // main SDI frame window
		RUNTIME_CLASS(CKuaiPanClientView));
	if (!pDocTemplate)
		return FALSE;
	AddDocTemplate(pDocTemplate);//将Doc类、CMainFrame和CView三个类用文档模板关联到一起，装载到当前应用程序的全局对象theApp中。

	// Parse command line for standard shell commands, DDE, file open
	CCommandLineInfo cmdInfo;
	ParseCommandLine(cmdInfo);

	// Dispatch commands specified on the command line.  Will return FALSE if
	// app was launched with /RegServer, /Register, /Unregserver or /Unregister.
	if (!ProcessShellCommand(cmdInfo))//主要完成：设计窗口类、注册窗口类、创建窗口类
		return FALSE;

	// The one and only window has been initialized, so show and update it
	m_pMainWnd->ShowWindow(SW_SHOW);//显示窗口
	m_pMainWnd->UpdateWindow();//更新框架窗口
	// call DragAcceptFiles only if there's a suffix
	//  In an SDI app, this should occur after ProcessShellCommand
	return TRUE;
}

->ProcessShellCommand()调用了LoadFrame()注册并创建窗口

ProcessShellCommand()——>OnCmdMsg()——>AfxDispatchCmdMsg()——>pfn_Command()——>OnFileNew()——>OpenDocumentFile()——>CreateNewFrame()——>LoadFrame()

多次调用PreCreateWindow、CreateEx、AfxEndDeferRegisterClass 注册工具栏、状态栏等.

BOOL CWinApp::ProcessShellCommand(CCommandLineInfo& rCmdInfo)
{
	BOOL bResult = TRUE;
	switch (rCmdInfo.m_nShellCommand)
	{
	case CCommandLineInfo::RestartByRestartManager:
		// Re-register with the restart manager using the restart identifier from the command line
		RegisterWithRestartManager(SupportsApplicationRecovery(), rCmdInfo.m_strRestartIdentifier);

		// Call RestartIntance, which should reopen any previously opened document(s) and
		// optionally load the autosaved versions after querying the user about loading.
		if (RestartInstance())
			break;
		// If RestartInstance returns FALSE, then fall through to FileNew case, so
		// a new document is created--otherwise the main frame will not be created.

	case CCommandLineInfo::FileNew:
		if (!AfxGetApp()->OnCmdMsg(ID_FILE_NEW, 0, NULL, NULL))
			OnFileNew();
		if (m_pMainWnd == NULL)
			bResult = FALSE;
		break;

	// If we've been asked to open a file, call OpenDocumentFile()
	case CCommandLineInfo::FileOpen:
		if (!OpenDocumentFile(rCmdInfo.m_strFileName))
			bResult = FALSE;
		break;

	// If the user wanted to print, hide our main window and
	// fire a message to ourselves to start the printing
	case CCommandLineInfo::FilePrintTo:
	case CCommandLineInfo::FilePrint:
		m_nCmdShow = SW_HIDE;
		ASSERT(m_pCmdInfo == NULL);
		if(OpenDocumentFile(rCmdInfo.m_strFileName))
		{
			m_pCmdInfo = &rCmdInfo;
			ENSURE_VALID(m_pMainWnd);
			m_pMainWnd->SendMessage(WM_COMMAND, ID_FILE_PRINT_DIRECT);
			m_pCmdInfo = NULL;
		}
		bResult = FALSE;
		break;

	// If we're doing DDE print or print to, start up without a new document and hide ourselves
	case CCommandLineInfo::FileDDENoShow:
		m_pCmdInfo = (CCommandLineInfo*)(UINT_PTR)m_nCmdShow;
		m_nCmdShow = SW_HIDE;
		break;

	// If we're doing DDE open, start up without a new document, but don't hide ourselves -- this causes the
	// icon in the Windows 7 taskbar to start in the wrong position and slide into the right position.
	case CCommandLineInfo::FileDDE:
		break;

	// If we've been asked to register, exit without showing UI.
	// Registration was already done in InitInstance().
	case CCommandLineInfo::AppRegister:
		{
			Register();			
			bResult = FALSE;    // that's all we do

			// If nobody is using it already, we can use it.
			// We'll flag that we're unregistering and not save our state
			// on the way out. This new object gets deleted by the
			// app object destructor.

			if (m_pCmdInfo == NULL)
			{
				m_pCmdInfo = new CCommandLineInfo;
				m_pCmdInfo->m_nShellCommand = CCommandLineInfo::AppUnregister;
			}
			break;
		}

	// If we've been asked to unregister, unregister and then terminate
	case CCommandLineInfo::AppUnregister:
		{
			BOOL bUnregistered = Unregister();

			if (!rCmdInfo.m_bRunEmbedded)
			{
				if (bUnregistered)
					AfxMessageBox(AFX_IDP_UNREG_DONE);
				else
					AfxMessageBox(AFX_IDP_UNREG_FAILURE);
			}
			bResult = FALSE;    // that's all we do

			// If nobody is using it already, we can use it.
			// We'll flag that we're unregistering and not save our state
			// on the way out. This new object gets deleted by the
			// app object destructor.

			if (m_pCmdInfo == NULL)
			{
				m_pCmdInfo = new CCommandLineInfo;
				m_pCmdInfo->m_nShellCommand = CCommandLineInfo::AppUnregister;
			}
		}
		break;
	}
	return bResult;
}

->CreateEx()

BOOL CWnd::CreateEx(DWORD dwExStyle, LPCTSTR lpszClassName,
	LPCTSTR lpszWindowName, DWORD dwStyle,
	int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight,
	HWND hWndParent, HMENU nIDorHMenu, LPVOID lpParam)
{
	ASSERT(lpszClassName == NULL || AfxIsValidString(lpszClassName) || 
		AfxIsValidAtom(lpszClassName));
	ENSURE_ARG(lpszWindowName == NULL || AfxIsValidString(lpszWindowName));
	
	// allow modification of several common create parameters
	CREATESTRUCT cs;
	cs.dwExStyle = dwExStyle;
	cs.lpszClass = lpszClassName;
	cs.lpszName = lpszWindowName;
	cs.style = dwStyle;
	cs.x = x;
	cs.y = y;
	cs.cx = nWidth;
	cs.cy = nHeight;
	cs.hwndParent = hWndParent;
	cs.hMenu = nIDorHMenu;
	cs.hInstance = AfxGetInstanceHandle();
	cs.lpCreateParams = lpParam;

	if (!PreCreateWindow(cs))//此处调用的PreCreateWindow，事实上调用的是C***App的成员函数，虚函数，可以在C***App中重写，这样可以在窗口被创建前通过结构体CREATESTRUCT更改窗口风格等
	{
		PostNcDestroy();
		return FALSE;
	}

	AfxHookWindowCreate(this);
	HWND hWnd = ::AfxCtxCreateWindowEx(cs.dwExStyle, cs.lpszClass,//开始创建窗口
			cs.lpszName, cs.style, cs.x, cs.y, cs.cx, cs.cy,
			cs.hwndParent, cs.hMenu, cs.hInstance, cs.lpCreateParams);

#ifdef _DEBUG
	if (hWnd == NULL)
	{
		TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: Window creation failed: GetLastError returns 0x%8.8X
",
			GetLastError());
	}
#endif

	if (!AfxUnhookWindowCreate())
		PostNcDestroy();        // cleanup if CreateWindowEx fails too soon

	if (hWnd == NULL)
		return FALSE;
	ASSERT(hWnd == m_hWnd); // should have been set in send msg hook
	return TRUE;
}

->AfxEndDeferRegisterClass()

BOOL AFXAPI AfxEndDeferRegisterClass(LONG fToRegister)
{
	// mask off all classes that are already registered
	AFX_MODULE_STATE* pModuleState = AfxGetModuleState();
	fToRegister &= ~pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses;
	if (fToRegister == 0)
		return TRUE;

	LONG fRegisteredClasses = 0;

	// common initialization
	WNDCLASS wndcls;
	memset(&wndcls, 0, sizeof(WNDCLASS));   // start with NULL defaults
	wndcls.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;//使窗口类的窗口过程为系统的默认窗口过程。
	wndcls.hInstance = AfxGetInstanceHandle();
	wndcls.hCursor = afxData.hcurArrow;

	INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX init;
	init.dwSize = sizeof(init);

	// work to register classes as specified by fToRegister, populate fRegisteredClasses as we go
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WND_REG)
	{
		// Child windows - no brush, no icon, safest default class styles
		wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
		wndcls.lpszClassName = _afxWnd;
		if (AfxRegisterClass(&wndcls))//注册窗口
			fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WND_REG;
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDOLECONTROL_REG)
	{
		// OLE Control windows - use parent DC for speed
		wndcls.style |= CS_PARENTDC | CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
		wndcls.lpszClassName = _afxWndOleControl;
		if (AfxRegisterClass(&wndcls))
			fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDOLECONTROL_REG;
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCONTROLBAR_REG)
	{
		// Control bar windows
		wndcls.style = 0;   // control bars don't handle double click
		wndcls.lpszClassName = _afxWndControlBar;
		wndcls.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_BTNFACE + 1);
		if (AfxRegisterClass(&wndcls))
			fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDCONTROLBAR_REG;
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG)
	{
		// MDI Frame window (also used for splitter window)
		wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS;
		wndcls.hbrBackground = NULL;
		if (_AfxRegisterWithIcon(&wndcls, _afxWndMDIFrame, AFX_IDI_STD_MDIFRAME))
			fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG;
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG)
	{
		// SDI Frame or MDI Child windows or views - normal colors
		wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
		wndcls.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
		if (_AfxRegisterWithIcon(&wndcls, _afxWndFrameOrView, AFX_IDI_STD_FRAME))
			fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG;
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG)
	{
		// this flag is compatible with the old InitCommonControls() API
		init.dwICC = ICC_WIN95_CLASSES;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK);
		fToRegister &= ~AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK;
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_UPDOWN_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_UPDOWN_CLASS;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_UPDOWN_REG);
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TREEVIEW_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_TREEVIEW_CLASSES;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TREEVIEW_REG);
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TAB_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_TAB_CLASSES;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TAB_REG);
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PROGRESS_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_PROGRESS_CLASS;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PROGRESS_REG);
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LISTVIEW_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_LISTVIEW_CLASSES;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LISTVIEW_REG);
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_HOTKEY_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_HOTKEY_CLASS;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_HOTKEY_REG);
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_BAR_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_BAR_CLASSES;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_BAR_REG);
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_ANIMATE_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_ANIMATE_CLASS;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_ANIMATE_REG);
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_INTERNET_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_INTERNET_CLASSES;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_INTERNET_REG);
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_COOL_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_COOL_CLASSES;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_COOL_REG);
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_USEREX_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_USEREX_CLASSES;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_USEREX_REG);
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_DATE_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_DATE_CLASSES;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_DATE_REG);
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LINK_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_LINK_CLASS;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LINK_REG);
	}
	if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PAGER_REG)
	{
		init.dwICC = ICC_PAGESCROLLER_CLASS;
		fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PAGER_REG);
	}

	// save new state of registered controls
	pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses |= fRegisteredClasses;

	// special case for all common controls registered, turn on AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG
	if ((pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses & AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK) == AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK)
	{
		pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG;
		fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG;
	}

	// must have registered at least as mamy classes as requested
	return (fToRegister & fRegisteredClasses) == fToRegister;
}