hive 常用函数 行拆列explode 列转行concat_ws concat_set date_format

原文:https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/654743

官方文档:

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+LateralView

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+UDF#LanguageManualUDF-explode

 

日期处理函数
1)date_format函数(根据格式整理日期)
hive (gmall)> select date_format('2020-02-10','yyyy-MM');
2020-02
2)date_add函数(加减日期)
hive (gmall)> select date_add('2020-02-10',-1);
2020-02-09
hive (gmall)> select date_add('2020-02-10',1);
2020-02-11
3)next_day函数
    (1)取当前天的下一个周一
hive (gmall)> select next_day('2020-02-12','MO')
2020-02-18
说明:星期一到星期日的英文(Monday,Tuesday、Wednesday、Thursday、Friday、Saturday、Sunday)
(2)取当前周的周一
hive (gmall)select date_add(next_day('2020-02-12','MO'),-7);
2020-02-11
4)last_day函数(求当月最后一天日期)
hive (gmall)> select last_day('2020-02-10');
2020-02-28

 

 

1.1 concat:concat函数在连接字符串的时候,只要其中一个是NULL,那么将返回NULL
hive> select concat('a','b');
OK
ab
Time taken: 0.477 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> select concat('a','b',null);
OK
NULL
Time taken: 0.181 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/henrrywan/java/article/details/86543202

concat_ws函数在连接字符串的时候,只要有一个字符串不是NULL,就不会返回NULL。concat_ws函数需要指定分隔符

hive> select concat_ws('-','a','b');
OK
a-b
Time taken: 0.245 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> select concat_ws('-','a','b',null);
OK
a-b
Time taken: 0.177 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> select concat_ws('','a','b',null);
OK
ab
Time taken: 0.184 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

collect_set函数

1)创建原数据表

hive (gmall)>

drop table if exists stud;
create table stud (name string, area string, course string, score int);
2)向原数据表中插入数据 hive (gmall)> insert into table stud values('zhang3','bj','math',88); insert into table stud values('li4','bj','math',99); insert into table stud values('wang5','sh','chinese',92); insert into table stud values('zhao6','sh','chinese',54); insert into table stud values('tian7','bj','chinese',91); 3)查询表中数据 hive (gmall)> select * from stud; stud.name stud.area stud.course stud.score zhang3 bj math 88 li4 bj math 99 wang5 sh chinese 92 zhao6 sh chinese 54 tian7 bj chinese 91 4)把同一分组的不同行的数据聚合成一个集合 hive (gmall)> select course, collect_set(area), avg(score) from stud group by course; chinese ["sh","bj"] 79.0 math ["bj"] 93.5 5) 用下标可以取某一个 hive (gmall)> select course, collect_set(area)[0], avg(score) from stud group by course; chinese sh 79.0 math bj 93.5

 

 

2、explode

explode(ARRAY) 列表中的每个元素生成一行
explode(MAP) map中每个key-value对,生成一行,key为一列,value为一列
image
限制:
1、No other expressions are allowed in SELECT

    SELECT pageid, explode(adid_list) AS myCol... is not supported

2、UDTF's can't be nested

    SELECT explode(explode(adid_list)) AS myCol... is not supported

3、GROUP BY / CLUSTER BY / DISTRIBUTE BY / SORT BY is not supported

    SELECT explode(adid_list) AS myCol ... GROUP BY myCol is not supported

2、lateral view

可使用lateral view解除以上限制,语法:

lateralView: LATERAL VIEW explode(expression) tableAlias AS columnAlias (',' columnAlias)*
fromClause: FROM baseTable (lateralView)*

案例:

table名称为pageAds

image

SELECT pageid, adid

FROM pageAds LATERAL VIEW explode(adid_list) adTable AS adid;

输出结果:
image

3、多个lateral view

from语句后面可以带多个lateral view语句

案例:

表名:baseTable

image

from后只有一个lateral view:

SELECT myCol1, col2 FROM baseTable

LATERAL VIEW explode(col1) myTable1 AS myCol1;

结果:
image

多个lateral view:

SELECT myCol1, myCol2 FROM baseTable

LATERAL VIEW explode(col1) myTable1 AS myCol1

LATERAL VIEW explode(col2) myTable2 AS myCol2;

结果:

image

4、Outer Lateral Views

如果array类型的字段为空,但依然需返回记录,可使用outer关键词。

比如:select * from src LATERAL VIEW explode(array()) C AS a limit 10;

这条语句中的array字段是个空列表,这条语句不管src表中是否有记录,结果都是空的。

而:select * from src LATERAL VIEW OUTER explode(array()) C AS a limit 10;

结果中的记录数为src表的记录数,只是a字段为NULL。

比如:

238 val_238 NULL
86 val_86 NULL
311 val_311 NULL
27 val_27 NULL
165 val_165 NULL
409 val_409 NULL
255 val_255 NULL
278 val_278 NULL
98 val_98 NULL

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lshan/p/13067162.html