Java多线程技术-wait/notify/join

wait/notify的作用

wait()方法的作用是使当前执行代码的线程进行等待,wait()是Object类的方法,用来将当前线程置入预执行队列中,并且在wait()所在的代码处停止执行,直到接到通知或被中断为止。wait()调用前,必须获得该对象的对象级锁,即只能在同步方法或者同步代码块中调用wait()方法,否则会抛出IllegalMonitorStateException。当wait()执行后,当前线程释放锁

notify()方法的作用是用来通知那些可能等待该对象的对象锁的其他线程,如果有多个线程等待,则随机挑选出一个wait状态的线程,对其发出通知,并使它等待获取该对象的对象锁。notify()调用前,必须获得该对象的对象级锁,即只能在同步方法或者同步代码块中调用notify()方法,否则会抛出IllegalMonitorStateException。当notify()方法执行后,不会马上释放该对象的锁,呈wait状态的线程也并不能马上获得该对象锁,要等到执行notify()的线程将程序执行完,也就是退出synchronized代码块后,当前线程才会释放锁。

notifyAll()方法和notify()作用基本是一样的,一个是唤醒全部的wait线程,一个是唤醒其中一个wait线程。

经典案例生产者和消费者

public class MyStack {
    private List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

    public synchronized void push() {
        try {
            while (list.size() == 1) {
                System.out.println("push:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"呈wait状态");
                this.wait();
            }
            list.add("anyString=" + Math.random());
            this.notifyAll();
            System.out.println("push=" + list.size());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public synchronized String pop(){
        String returnValue = "";
        try {
            while(list.size() == 0){
                System.out.println("pop:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"呈wait状态");
                this.wait();
            }
            returnValue = list.get(0);
            list.remove(0);
            this.notifyAll();
            System.out.println("pop="+list.size());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return returnValue;
    }
}

public class Product {
    private MyStack myStack;
    public Product(MyStack myStack) {
        this.myStack = myStack;
    }
    
    public void pushService(){
        myStack.push();
    }
}

public class Customer {
    private MyStack myStack;
    public Customer(MyStack myStack) {
        this.myStack = myStack;
    }
    
    public void popService(){
        myStack.pop();
    }
}

public class ThreadCustomer extends Thread {

    private Customer customer;

    public ThreadCustomer(Customer customer) {
        this.customer = customer;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            customer.popService();
        }
    }
}

public class ThreadProduct extends Thread {

    private Product product;

    public ThreadProduct(Product product) {
        this.product = product;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            product.pushService();
        }
    }
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        
        MyStack myStack = new MyStack();
        Product p = new Product(myStack);
        Customer c = new Customer(myStack);
        
        ThreadProduct pThread = new ThreadProduct(p);
        ThreadCustomer cThread = new ThreadCustomer(c);
        pThread.start();
        cThread.start();
                
    }
}
View Code

join的作用

join()是Thread类的一个方法,它的作用是使所属的线程x对象正常的执行run方法中的任务,而使当前线程z进行无限期的阻塞,等待线程x销毁后再继续执行线程z后面的代码。

public class MyThread extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis());
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
        myThread.start();
        myThread.join();
        System.out.println("在myThread执行完后输出:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
}
View Code

测试结果:

1516170164683
在myThread执行完后输出:1516170167686

join和synchronized的区别

从上面的例子可以看出,join方法具有线程排队运行的作用,有些类是同步的运行效果。join和synchronized的区别是:join在内部使用wait()方法进行等待,而synchronized是使用“对象监视器”原理做为同步

join(long)和sleep(long)的区别

由于join的内部是使用wait来实现的,所以它具有释放锁的特点,而sleep没有这一特点。

源码如下:

 public final synchronized void join(long millis)
    throws InterruptedException {
        long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long now = 0;

        if (millis < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
        }

        if (millis == 0) {
            while (isAlive()) {
                wait(0);
            }
        } else {
            while (isAlive()) {
                long delay = millis - now;
                if (delay <= 0) {
                    break;
                }
                wait(delay);
                now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
            }
        }
    }
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lostyears/p/8301626.html