python之SocketServer编程

编写一个SocketServer需要实现以下步骤

编写一个handler类,继承BaseRequestHandler,重写handle()方法
针对是TCP还是UDP,生成一个server对象
调用server对象的handle_request或者serve_forever方法

服务器端：

#coding:utf-8

import SocketServer

class MyTCPHandler(SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        self.data = self.request.recv(1024).strip()
        #client_address为元组，(client_addr,client_port)
        print self.client_address
        print "{} wrote:".format(self.client_address[0])
        print self.data
        self.request.sendall(self.data.upper())

if __name__ == "__main__":
    HOST,PORT = "localhost",9999
    server = SocketServer.TCPServer((HOST,PORT),MyTCPHandler)
    server.serve_forever()

客户端：

#coding:utf-8

import socket
import sys

HOST,PORT = "localhost",9999
data = raw_input("please input your info:")
print "data:",data
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)

try:
    sock.connect((HOST,PORT))
    sock.sendall(data + '
')
    received = sock.recv(1024)
    print "received:",received
finally:
    sock.close()

#format函数可以接受不限个参数，位置可以不按顺序，可以不用或者使用多次
print '{0},{1}'.format('ljy',24)
print '{1},{0},{1}'.format('zju',120)
#通过关键字参数
print '{name},{age}'.format(age = 18,name = "gebilaowang")

SocketServer是python提供的实现socket server的模块.利用其提供的api,可以很方便快速的开发一个socket服务器.整体上来说,模块提供了四个使用的类:

TCPServer
UDPServer
UnixStreamServer
UnixDatagramServer

上述的四个类都是同步的,即意味着当有请求过来后,其将同步处理数据,处理完之后才能处理下一个请求.

对于TCPServer和UDPServer来说,其在处理请求时,都是同步请求的.这意味着,只有一个请求处理完毕后,才能继续处理接下来的请求.如果请求处理需要很长时间,或者请求与Server之间有较多的交互,那同步处理就不大合适了.

在SocketServer模块中,提供了两种服务模型.

ThreadingMixIn
ForkingMixIn

顾名思义,ThreadingMixIn代表其在有新的请求时,创建一个新的线程,在该线程中处理请求.相对应的,ForkingMixIn表示在有新的请求时,创建一个新的进程,在该进程中处理请求.

对于该选择何种模型,可以考虑是否需要请求间数据共享.

#coding:utf-8

import socket
import SocketServer
import threading

class ThreadTCPRequestHandler(SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        data = self.request.recv(1024)
        cur_thread = threading.current_thread()
        response = "{}:{}".format(cur_thread.name,data)
        self.request.sendall(response)

class ThreadTCPServer(SocketServer.ThreadingMixIn,SocketServer.TCPServer):
    pass

def client(ip,port,message):
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.connect((ip,port))

    try:
        sock.sendall(message)
        response = sock.recv(1024)
        print"received : {}".format(response)
    finally:
        sock.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    HOST,PORT = "localhost",8888
    server = ThreadTCPServer((HOST,PORT),ThreadTCPRequestHandler)
    ip,port = server.server_address
    #server_thread接收client请求
    server_thread = threading.Thread(target = server.serve_forever)
    server_thread.daemon = True
    server_thread.start()
    print 'server loop running in thread:',server_thread.name

    for i in range(3):
        thread = threading.Thread(target = client,args = (ip,port,'hello world from{}'.format(i)))
        thread.start()
        print 'thread {} start'.format(i)

上述代码中，一个线程运行server，有多个客户端线程0，1，2，server接收客户端请求后，会创建新的线程来处理请求