词汇表

　　想要玩得转R，重要的一点是有一个好的工作词汇表。以下是我认为的一个好的词汇表。你不必熟悉每个函数的细节，但是你应该知道它们的存在。如果词汇表中的函数你没有听说过，我强烈建议你阅读下相关文档。

　　我阅读了base包、stats包、untils包所有的函数，并提取了我认为最重要的函数，组成了下列的词汇表。列表中也有一些其他包中的重要函数，而且还有一些更加重要的，比如options()。

基本函数

# The first functions to learn
?
str

# Important operators and assignment
%in%, match
=, <-, <<-
$, [, [[, head, tail, subset
with
assign, get

# Comparison 
all.equal, identical
!=, ==, >, >=, <, <=
is.na, complete.cases
is.finite

# Basic math
*, +, -, /, ^, %%, %/%
abs, sign
acos, asin, atan, atan2
sin, cos, tan
ceiling, floor, round, trunc, signif
exp, log, log10, log2, sqrt

max, min, prod, sum
cummax, cummin, cumprod, cumsum, diff
pmax, pmin
range
mean, median, cor, sd, var
rle

# Functions to do with functions
function
missing
on.exit
return, invisible

# Logical & sets 
&, |, !, xor
all, any
intersect, union, setdiff, setequal
which

# Vectors and matrices
c, matrix
# automatic coercion rules character > numeric > logical
length, dim, ncol, nrow
cbind, rbind
names, colnames, rownames
t
diag
sweep
as.matrix, data.matrix

# Making vectors 
c
rep, rep_len
seq, seq_len, seq_along
rev
sample
choose, factorial, combn
(is/as).(character/numeric/logical/...)

# Lists & data.frames 
list, unlist
data.frame, as.data.frame
split
expand.grid

# Control flow 
if, &&, || (short circuiting)
for, while
next, break
switch
ifelse

# Apply & friends
lapply, sapply, vapply
apply
tapply
replicate

常见数据结构相关函数

# Date time
ISOdate, ISOdatetime, strftime, strptime, date
difftime
julian, months, quarters, weekdays
library(lubridate)

# Character manipulation 
grep, agrep
gsub
strsplit
chartr
nchar
tolower, toupper
substr
paste
library(stringr)

# Factors 
factor, levels, nlevels
reorder, relevel
cut, findInterval
interaction
options(stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

# Array manipulation
array
dim
dimnames
aperm
library(abind)

统计函数

# Ordering and tabulating 
duplicated, unique
merge
order, rank, quantile
sort
table, ftable

# Linear models 
fitted, predict, resid, rstandard
lm, glm
hat, influence.measures
logLik, df, deviance
formula, ~, I
anova, coef, confint, vcov
contrasts

# Miscellaneous tests
apropos("\.test$")

# Random variables 
(q, p, d, r) * (beta, binom, cauchy, chisq, exp, f, gamma, geom, 
  hyper, lnorm, logis, multinom, nbinom, norm, pois, signrank, t, 
  unif, weibull, wilcox, birthday, tukey)

# Matrix algebra 
crossprod, tcrossprod
eigen, qr, svd
%*%, %o%, outer
rcond
solve

使用R

# Workspace 
ls, exists, rm
getwd, setwd
q
source
install.packages, library, require

# Help
help, ?
help.search
apropos
RSiteSearch
citation
demo
example
vignette

# Debugging
traceback
browser
recover
options(error = )
stop, warning, message
tryCatch, try

输入/输出

# Output
print, cat
message, warning
dput
format
sink, capture.output

# Reading and writing data
data
count.fields
read.csv, write.csv
read.delim, write.delim
read.fwf
readLines, writeLines
readRDS, saveRDS
load, save
library(foreign)

# Files and directories 
dir
basename, dirname, tools::file_ext
file.path
path.expand, normalizePath
file.choose
file.copy, file.create, file.remove, file.rename, dir.create
file.exists, file.info
tempdir, tempfile
download.file, library(downloader)