[续上文《JDBC数据源连接池(3)---Tomcat集成DBCP》]
我们已经 了解了DBCP，C3P0，以及Tomcat内置的数据源连接池，那么，这些数据源连接池是如何实现的呢？为了究其原理，我在这里写一个自定义的数据源连接池。
我先在com.itszt.utils包下新建一个Utils_5_mydscp 文件夹，在该文件夹下写自定义的数据源连接池工具；同时，我在src包下建config_utils_5文件夹，该文件夹下建一个属性配置文件mydscp.properties，该属性配置文件信息如下：
DRIVER_NAME=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver JDBC_URL=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/itszt2 USERNAME=root PASSWORD=2017 INITIAL_SIZE=10 MAX_ACTIVE=100 MAX_IDLE=20 MIN_IDLE=10
接着，分析该数据源连接池，需要一个解析属性配置文件的类，需要一个数据源（拟采用单例模式）类，还需要一个Connection类；为了降低耦合度，采用工厂模式获得数据源实例；考虑到异常的个性化处理，还可以自定义异常。
有了上述分析后，第一步，写一个解析属性配置文件的工具类MyDSCPConfig，代码如下：
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;
public abstract class MyDSCPConfig {
public static String DRIVER_NAME = null;
public static String JDBC_URL = null;
public static String USERNAME = null;
public static String PASSWORD = null;
public static Integer INITIAL_SIZE = null;
public static Integer MAX_ACTIVE = null;
public static Integer MAX_IDLE = null;
public static Integer MIN_IDLE = null;
/**
* 解析属性配置文件
*
* @param propertiesPath
*/
public static void parseConfig(String propertiesPath) {
Properties properties = new Properties();
InputStream resourceAsStream = MyDSCPConfig.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(propertiesPath);
try {
properties.load(resourceAsStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
DRIVER_NAME = properties.getProperty("DRIVER_NAME");
JDBC_URL = properties.getProperty("JDBC_URL");
USERNAME = properties.getProperty("USERNAME");
PASSWORD = properties.getProperty("PASSWORD");
INITIAL_SIZE = Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("INITIAL_SIZE"));
MAX_ACTIVE = Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("MAX_ACTIVE"));
MAX_IDLE = Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("MAX_IDLE"));
MIN_IDLE = Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("MIN_IDLE"));
}
}
第二步，先采用适配器模式，写一个实现了Connection 接口的MyConnectionAdapter抽象类，便于MyConnectionAdapter的子类有选择地覆写所需的方法，MyConnectionAdapter类代码如下：
import java.sql.Array;
import java.sql.Blob;
import java.sql.CallableStatement;
import java.sql.Clob;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.NClob;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLClientInfoException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.SQLWarning;
import java.sql.SQLXML;
import java.sql.Savepoint;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.Struct;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
/**
* 适配器
*/
public abstract class MyConnectionAdapter implements Connection {
@Override
public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public String nativeSQL(String sql) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public void commit() throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public void rollback() throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public void close() throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public boolean isClosed() throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public void setCatalog(String catalog) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public String getCatalog() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void setTransactionIsolation(int level) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException {
return 0;
}
@Override
public SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void clearWarnings() throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)
throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Map<String, Class<?>> getTypeMap() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void setTypeMap(Map<String, Class<?>> map) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public void setHoldability(int holdability) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public int getHoldability() throws SQLException {
return 0;
}
@Override
public Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Savepoint setSavepoint(String name) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void rollback(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public void releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability)
throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency,
int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency,
int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, String[] columnNames) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Clob createClob() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Blob createBlob() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public NClob createNClob() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public SQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean isValid(int timeout) throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public void setClientInfo(String name, String value) throws SQLClientInfoException {
}
@Override
public void setClientInfo(Properties properties) throws SQLClientInfoException {
}
@Override
public String getClientInfo(String name) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Properties getClientInfo() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Array createArrayOf(String typeName, Object[] elements) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Struct createStruct(String typeName, Object[] attributes) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void setSchema(String schema) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public String getSchema() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void abort(Executor executor) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public void setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor, int milliseconds) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public int getNetworkTimeout() throws SQLException {
return 0;
}
}
第三步，再写一个继承了MyConnectionAdapter的子类MyConnection，代码如下：
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
/**
* 采用装饰者模式,基于Conneciton原有的close()功能,扩展其close()功能
*/
public class MyConnection extends MyConnectionAdapter {
private Connection connection;
private MyDataSource dataSource;
public MyConnection(Connection connection, MyDataSource dataSource) {
this.connection = connection;
this.dataSource = dataSource;
}
@Override
public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException {
return connection.createStatement();
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException {
return connection.prepareStatement(sql);
}
@Override
public void close() throws SQLException {
dataSource.recycle(this);
}
/*
* 关闭连接,释放资源
*/
public void dispose() {
if (connection != null) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
第四步，写一个继承了SQLException的自定义异常MyConnectionExp，代码如下：
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class MyConnectionExp extends SQLException {
public MyConnectionExp(String reason) {
super(reason);
}
}
第五步，写一个实现了DataSource接口的抽象类MyDataSourceAdapter，覆写接口的所有方法，该类代码如下：
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
/**
* 适配器
*/
public abstract class MyDataSourceAdapter implements DataSource {
@Override
public PrintWriter getLogWriter() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void setLogWriter(PrintWriter out) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public void setLoginTimeout(int seconds) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public int getLoginTimeout() throws SQLException {
return 0;
}
@Override
public Logger getParentLogger() throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException {
return null;
}
@Override
public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
}
第六步，写一个继承了MyDataSourceAdapter 抽象类的子类MyDataSource，由于数据源连接池只能有一个，故采用单例模式，该子类代码如下：
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.LinkedList;
/**
* 单例模式
*/
public class MyDataSource extends MyDataSourceAdapter {
private static MyDataSource myDataSource;
private LinkedList<MyConnection> connectionQueue = new LinkedList<>();
private int totalActive = MyDSCPConfig.MAX_ACTIVE;
static {
// 加载数据库驱动
try {
Class.forName(MyDSCPConfig.DRIVER_NAME);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private MyDataSource() {
}
//懒汉模式,同步,确保线程安全
public static MyDataSource getInstance() {
if (myDataSource == null) {
synchronized (MyDataSource.class) {
if (myDataSource == null) {
myDataSource = new MyDataSource();
myDataSource.initialize();
}
}
}
return myDataSource;
}
//初始化方法
public void initialize() {
for (int i = 0; i < MyDSCPConfig.INITIAL_SIZE; i++) {
MyConnection connection = produceConnection();
if (connection == null) {
continue;
}
connectionQueue.add(connection);
}
}
//构建一个连接的方法
private MyConnection produceConnection() {
try {
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(MyDSCPConfig.JDBC_URL, MyDSCPConfig.USERNAME, MyDSCPConfig.PASSWORD);
return new MyConnection(connection, this);
} catch (SQLException e) {
MyConnectionExp exp = new MyConnectionExp("获取连接失败!");
exp.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
//从连接池中获取连接
@Override
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
int num1 = connectionQueue.size();
MyConnection myConnection = null;
if (this.totalActive > 0) {
if (num1 >= 1) {
myConnection = connectionQueue.pop();
this.totalActive--;
} else {
System.err.println("连接池已无空闲连接,需生产后才能使用!");
myConnection = produceConnection();
connectionQueue.add(myConnection);
getConnection();
}
int num2 = connectionQueue.size();
System.out.println("获取连接,原先有 " + num1 + " 个,现在有 " + num2 + " 个");
if (num2 < MyDSCPConfig.MIN_IDLE) {
System.out.println("不足最小空闲连接数,生产一个新的!");
connectionQueue.add(produceConnection());
}
} else {
System.err.println("已有一次超出最大连接数!");
this.totalActive = MyDSCPConfig.MAX_ACTIVE;
getConnection();
}
return myConnection;
}
/*
* 回收连接
*/
protected void recycle(MyConnection myConnection) {
if (connectionQueue.size() >= MyDSCPConfig.MAX_IDLE) {
System.out.println("超出空闲连接数上限,不再回收!");
myConnection.dispose();
return;
} else {
connectionQueue.add(myConnection);
this.totalActive++;
}
}
}
第七步，基于工厂模式，写一个获取数据源连接池实例的类MyDataSourceFactory，该类代码如下：
/**
* 工厂模式
*/
public abstract class MyDataSourceFactory {
public static MyDataSource createDataSource(String propertiesPath) {
//1.解析配置文件中的配置
MyDSCPConfig.parseConfig(propertiesPath);
//2.依据上一步骤的设置,生产我们的数据源
return MyDataSource.getInstance();
}
}
最后，在com.itszt.demo文件夹中的LoginServlet.java的Servlet文件中，将产生Connection对象的方式修改为自定义的数据源连接池方式即可。
总结：在Web项目中，我们经常需要频繁连接数据库，采用数据源连接池的方式，能够有效地解决建立数据库连接时耗费较多CPU、时间等资源的问题，从而提高应用性能，改进用户体验。