django简单demo

django简单demo

环境:
CentOS 7.2
python2.7.12
django1.8

一.创建vitualenv并安装django
virtualenv dj1.8
source dj1.8/bin/activate
pip install django==1.8

二.创建project
mkdir project
django-admin startproject blog project/

三.配置
project/blog/settings.py
提示:服务正常run之后，配置文件修改无需重启服务即可生效
i.授权监听地址
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['127.0.0.1','localhost','192.168.43.144','192.168.8.254']
否则会有的通有ip能访问有的不能
ii.数据库配置
1.建库与授权
默认的sqlite3可以直接启动，这里使用mysql，mysql安装配置请参看MariaDB-10.1.x二进制包安装
create database django character set utf8;
grant all on django.* to 'djadmin'@'%' identified by 'djpassword' with grant option;
flush privileges;
2.安装mysql驱动
pip install MySQL-python
3.db连接配置
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'django',
        'USER': os.environ['DJANGO_USER'],
        'PASSWORD': os.environ['DJANGO_PASSWORD'],
        'HOST': '192.168.8.254',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}
提示:认证信息可以直接明文写入，也可以通过options来调用外部配置。本文从变量中获取
4.初始化db
python manage.py migrate
5.创建superuser
python manage.py createsuperuser

其它配置
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'        #zh-CN
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

四.启动
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

192.168.43.144:8000/admin/

后台美化示例
https://github.com/django-admin-bootstrap/django-admin-bootstrap

五.创建app
django-admin startapp project/blog/app #或python project/blog/manage.py startapp app

i.导入app
project/blog/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app',
)
ii.后台自定义表单
1.project/blog/app/models.py
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=250)
    category = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    date_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    content = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta(object):
        verbose_name = 'blog'
        verbose_name_plural = 'blog'
        ordering = ['-date_time']
1.project/blog/app/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from models import Article

admin.site.register(Article)
注意:每次修改models，都要执行makemigrations动作，这样才能正常变更数据库
python manage.py makemigrations app
python manage.py migrate

六.hello world
ii.返回内容
project/app/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
import time
# Create your views here.

def hello(request):
    return HttpResponse('%s %s' % ('hello world!',time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')))
2.路由
project/blog/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from app import views

urlpatterns = [
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'myblog.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),

    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^hello/$', views.hello, name='hello world'),
]

七.模板渲染
i.创建app静态文件目录
mkdir -p project/app/{static,templates}
ii.copy静态文件到app目录
1.下载demo模板
git clone http://github.com/liujun1990/templates.git
unzip templates/blog_demo.zip
解压出html目录,编码问题请cat README
2.静态文件copy到约定目录
iconv -f GB2312 -t UTF8 html/index.html -o foo
mv foo app/templates/index.html
mv html/* app/static
iii.返回内容
project/app/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
import time
# Create your views here.

def hello(request):
    return HttpResponse('%s %s' % ('hello world!',time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')))

def index(request):
    return render(request, 'index.html')
iv.路由
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from app import views

urlpatterns = [
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'myblog.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),

    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^hello/$', views.hello, name='hello world'),
    url(r'^$', views.index, name='homepage'),
]
v.引用静态文件
project/app/templates/index.html

效果