B. Legacy
题目连接：
http://codeforces.com/contest/786/problem/B
Description
Rick and his co-workers have made a new radioactive formula and a lot of bad guys are after them. So Rick wants to give his legacy to Morty before bad guys catch them.
There are n planets in their universe numbered from 1 to n. Rick is in planet number s (the earth) and he doesn't know where Morty is. As we all know, Rick owns a portal gun. With this gun he can open one-way portal from a planet he is in to any other planet (including that planet). But there are limits on this gun because he's still using its free trial.
By default he can not open any portal by this gun. There are q plans in the website that sells these guns. Every time you purchase a plan you can only use it once but you can purchase it again if you want to use it more.
Plans on the website have three types:
With a plan of this type you can open a portal from planet v to planet u.
With a plan of this type you can open a portal from planet v to any planet with index in range [l, r].
With a plan of this type you can open a portal from any planet with index in range [l, r] to planet v.
Rick doesn't known where Morty is, but Unity is going to inform him and he wants to be prepared for when he finds and start his journey immediately. So for each planet (including earth itself) he wants to know the minimum amount of money he needs to get from earth to that planet.
Input
The first line of input contains three integers n, q and s (1 ≤ n, q ≤ 105, 1 ≤ s ≤ n) — number of planets, number of plans and index of earth respectively.
The next q lines contain the plans. Each line starts with a number t, type of that plan (1 ≤ t ≤ 3). If t = 1 then it is followed by three integers v, u and w where w is the cost of that plan (1 ≤ v, u ≤ n, 1 ≤ w ≤ 109). Otherwise it is followed by four integers v, l, r and w where w is the cost of that plan (1 ≤ v ≤ n, 1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ n, 1 ≤ w ≤ 109).
Output
In the first and only line of output print n integers separated by spaces. i-th of them should be minimum money to get from earth to i-th planet, or - 1 if it's impossible to get to that planet.
Sample Input
3 5 1
2 3 2 3 17
2 3 2 2 16
2 2 2 3 3
3 3 1 1 12
1 3 3 17
Sample Output
0 28 12
Hint
题意
三种操作：
1 a b c,在建立权值为c的a->b的单向边
2 a b c d，建立a->[b,c]权值为d的单向边
3 a b c d,建立[b,c]->a权值为d的单向边。
给你一个起点，问你起点到其他点的最短路长度。
题解：
如果暴力建边的话，显然会有n^2个边。
但是我们用线段树去建边就好了，我们依次让所有节点都指向自己区间的l端点和r端点就行了。
我相当于预先又建了nlogn个节点，这些虚拟节点代替区间。
然后跑dij就好了
以下解释来自：http://www.cnblogs.com/GXZlegend/p/7016722.html
一个朴素（已经不是最朴素的了）的加边方法：a~b的所有点->p1，长度为0；p1->p2，长度为1；p2->c~d的所有点，长度为0，其中加的都是有向边，p1和p2是新建的两个辅助点，然后再反过来进行这个过程。
然而这样加边的话边数依旧巨大。
由于给出的加边都是区间形式，所以我们可以用维护区间的数据结构——线段树，去优化这个建图过程。
具体方法（这里只讲加有向边a~b->c~d的方法）：
建立两颗线段树A、B，其中A线段树每个非叶子节点的儿子向该节点连边，长度为0，B线段树每个非叶子节点向该节点的儿子连边，长度为0；B线段树的叶子结点向A线段树对应的叶子结点连边，长度为0。
这里面A线段树的叶子结点代表原图中的节点，其余节点都是用来优化建图。
对于加边操作，找到A线段树上a~b对应的区间节点，这些节点向p1连边，长度为0；p1->p2，长度为1；找到B线段树上c~d对应的区间节点，p2向这些节点连边，长度为0.
最后跑堆优化Dijkstra出解。
应该不是很难理解，具体可以见代码。
图片来自:http://blog.csdn.net/weixin_37517391/article/details/77073700
代码：
1 #include<bits/stdc++.h> 2 using namespace std; 3 const int maxn = 2e6+7; 4 vector<pair<int,int> >v[maxn]; 5 long long dist[maxn],ver[2][maxn];//ver0表示左边的线段树，1表示右边的线段树 6 int n,q,ss,tme; 7 set<pair<long long,int> >s; 8 int build(int y,int l,int r,int x){ 9 if(l==r) return ver[x][y]=l; //注意这个操作，有了这个操作，就将虚设的节点与原先的n个节点连接起来了 10 ver[x][y]=++tme; 11 int mid=(l+r)/2; 12 int cl=build(y*2,l,mid,x); 13 int cr=build(y*2+1,mid+1,r,x); 14 if(x==0){ 15 v[ver[x][y]].push_back(make_pair(cl,0)); 16 v[ver[x][y]].push_back(make_pair(cr,0)); 17 }else{ 18 v[cl].push_back(make_pair(ver[x][y],0)); 19 v[cr].push_back(make_pair(ver[x][y],0)); 20 } 21 return ver[x][y]; 22 } 23 void update(int x,int l,int r,int ll,int rr,int xx,int w,int z){ 24 if(l>rr||r<ll) return; 25 if(l>=ll&&r<=rr){ 26 if(z==0) v[xx].push_back(make_pair(ver[z][x],w)); 27 else v[ver[z][x]].push_back(make_pair(xx,w)); 28 return; 29 } 30 int mid=(l+r)/2; 31 update(x*2,l,mid,ll,rr,xx,w,z); 32 update(x*2+1,mid+1,r,ll,rr,xx,w,z); 33 } 34 int main(){ 35 cin>>n>>q>>ss; 36 memset(dist,-1,sizeof(dist)); 37 tme=n; 38 build(1,1,n,0); //建立左边线段树的虚节点 39 build(1,1,n,1); //建立右边线段树的虚节点 40 for(int i=0;i<q;i++){ 41 int t,a,b,c,d; 42 cin>>t>>a>>b>>c; 43 if(t==1){ 44 v[a].push_back(make_pair(b,c)); //单点直接连边即可 45 }else{ 46 cin>>d; 47 update(1,1,n,b,c,a,d,t-2); //update，最后一个参数为flag,只有0或1 48 } 49 } 50 dist[ss]=0; 51 priority_queue<pair<long long,int> >Q; 52 Q.push(make_pair(0,ss)); 53 while(!Q.empty()){ 54 int now = Q.top().second; 55 Q.pop(); 56 for(int i=0;i<v[now].size();i++){ 57 int ve=v[now][i].first; 58 int co=v[now][i].second; 59 if(dist[ve]==-1||dist[now]+co<dist[ve]){ 60 dist[ve]=dist[now]+co; 61 Q.push(make_pair(-dist[ve],ve)); 62 } 63 } 64 } 65 for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) 66 cout<<dist[i]<<" "; 67 cout<<endl; 68 }